Philosophy of Science

Ainsworth, Claire (2015) “Sex redefined: The idea of two sexes is simplistic. Biologists now think there is a wider spectrum than that.” Nature 518(7539): 288-291.

Amundson, Ron (2000) “Against normal function.” Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences 31(1): 33-53.

Baron-Cohen, Simon (2002) “The extreme male brain theory of autism.” Trends in Cognitive Sciences 6(6): 248-254.

Baron-Cohen, Simon (2003) The Essential Difference: Male And Female Brains And The Truth About Autism. New York: Basic Books.

Brigandt, Ingo (2015) “Evolutionary developmental biology and the limits of philosophical accounts of mechanistic explanation.” In Explanation in Biology: An Enquiry into the Diversity of Explanatory Patterns in the Life Sciences, edited by Pierre-Alain Braillard and Christophe Malaterre, pp. 135-173. Dordrecht: Springer.

Brown, Gillian R., Dickins, Thomas E., Sear, Rebecca, and Laland, Kevin N. (2011) “Evolutionary accounts of human behavioural diversity.” Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 366(1563): 313-324.

Buller, David J. (2006) “Evolutionary psychology: a critique.” In Conceptual Issues in Evolutionary Biology (3rd edition), edited by Elliott Sober, pp. 197-214. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

Dussauge, Isabelle, and Kaiser, Anelis (2012) “Re-queering the brain.” In Neurofeminism: Issues at the Intersection of Feminist Theory and Cognitive Science, edited by Robyn Bluhm, Anne Jaap Jacobson and Heidi Lene Maibom, pp. 121-144. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.

Fenton, Andrew, and Krahn, Tim “Autism, neurodiversity and equality beyond the ‘normal’.” Journal of Ethics in Mental Health 2(2): 1-6.

Fine, Cordelia, Dupré, John, and Joel, Daphna (2017) “Sex-linked behavior: evolution, stability, and variability.” Trends in Cognitive Sciences 21(9): 666-673.

Gatzke-Kopp, Lisa M. (2016) “Diversity and representation: key issues for psychophysiological science.” Psychophysiology 53(1): 3-13.

Griffiths, Paul E. (2002) “What is innateness?” The Monist 85: 70-85.

Henrich, Joseph, Heine, Steven J., and Norenzayan, Ara (2010) “The weirdest people in the world?” Behavioral and Brain Sciences 33: 61-83.

Hoffman, Ginger (2012) “What, if anything, can neuroscience tell us about gender differences?” In Neurofeminism: Issues at the Intersection of Feminist Theory and Cognitive Science, edited by Robyn Bluhm, Anne Jaap Jacobson and Heidi Lene Maibom, pp. 30-55. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.

Hyde, Janet Shibley, Bigler, Rebecca S., Joel, Daphna, Tate, Charlotte Chucky, and van Anders, Sari M. (2019) “The future of sex and gender in psychology: five challenges to the gender binary.” American Psychologist 74(2): 171-193.

Intemann, Kristen (2015) “Distinguishing between legitimate and illegitimate values in climate modeling.” European Journal for Philosophy of Science 5(2): 217-232.

Jordan-Young, Rebecca M. (2010) Brain Storm: The Flaws in the Science of Sex Differences. Cambridge, MA: Havard University Press.

Jordan-Young, Rebecca M., and Rumiati, Raffaella I. (2012) “Hardwired for sexism? Approaches to sex/gender in neuroscience.” Neuroethics 5(3): 305-315.

Kaplan, Jonathan M. (2010) “When socially determined categories make biological realities.” The Monist 93(2): 283-299.

Kessler, Suzanne J. (1990) “The medical construction of gender: case management of intersexed infants.” Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society 16(1): 3-26.

Kim, Heejung S., and Sasaki, Joni Y. (2014) “Cultural neuroscience: biology of the mind in cultural contexts.” Annual Review of Psychology 65(1): 487-514.

Kourany, Janet A. (2010) Philosophy of Science after Feminism. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Martínez Mateo, Marine, Cabanis, Maurice, Stenmanns, Julian, and Krach, Sören (2013) “Essentializing the binary self: individualism and collectivism in cultural neuroscience.” Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 7: 289.

Masterpasqua, Frank (2009) “Psychology and epigenetics.” Review of General Psychology 13(3): 194-201.

Ridley, Rosalind (2019) “Some difficulties behind the concept of the ‘Extreme male brain’ in autism research. A theoretical review.” Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders 57: 19-27.

Robert, Jason (2004) Embryology, Epigenesis, and Evolution: Taking Development Seriously. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Rose, Steven, Ceci, Stephen, and Williams, Wendy M. (2009) “Should scientists study race and IQ?” Nature 457(February 12): 786-789.

Rutten, Bart P. F., and Mill, Jonathan (2009) “Epigenetic mediation of environmental influences in major psychotic disorders.” Schizophrenia Bulletin 35(6): 1045-1056.

Schiebinger, Londa (1999) Has Feminism Changed Science? Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

Smith, Eric Alden (2011) “Endless forms: human behavioural diversity and evolved universals.” Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 366(1563): 325-332.

van Anders, Sari M. (2013) “Beyond masculinity: testosterone, gender/sex, and human social behavior in a comparative context.” Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology 34(3): 198-210.

van Anders, Sari M., Schudson, Zach C., Abed, Emma C., Beischel, William J., Dibble, Emily R., Gunther, Olivia D., Kutchko, Val J., and Silver, Elisabeth R. (2017) “Biological sex, gender, and public policy.” Policy Insights from the Behavioral and Brain Sciences 4(2): 194-201.

Walker, Nick (2021) “Throw away the master’s tools: liberating ourselves from the pathology paradigm” Reprinted in Neuroqueer Heresies: Notes on the Neurodiversity Paradigm, Autistic Empowerment, and Postnormal Possibilities by Nick Walker, pp. 16-28. Fort Worth: Autonomous Press.

Wylie, Alison, and Hankinson Nelson, Lynn (2007) “Coming to terms with the values of science: insights from feminist science scholarship.” In Value-Free Science? Ideals and Illusions, edited by Harold Kincaid, John Dupré and Alison Wylie, pp. 58-86. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Bloor, David (1974) Knowledge and Social Imagery. London: Routledge.

Brigandt, Ingo (2013) Intelligent design and the nature of science: philosophical and pedagogical points. In K. Kampourakis (Ed.), The Philosophy of Biology: A Companion for Educators (pp. 205-238). Dordrecht: Springer.

Brigandt, Ingo (2013) Social values influence the adequacy conditions of scientific theories: beyond inductive risk. Canadian Journal of Philosophy 45: 326-356.

Chalmers, Alan F. (1990) Science and Its Fabrication. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.

de Melo-Martín, Inmaculada & Intemann, Kristen (2011) Feminist resources for biomedical research: lessons from the HPV vaccines. Hypatia 26: 79-101.

Douglas, Heather (2009) Science, Policy, and the Value-Free Ideal. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press.

Elliott, Kevin C. (2017) A Tapestry of Values: An Introduction to Values in Science. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Elliott, Kevin C. & McKaughan, Daniel J. (2014) Nonepistemic values and the multiple goals of science. Philosophy of Science 81: 1-21.

Fehr, Carla & Plaisance, Kathryn (2010) Socially relevant philosophy of science: an introduction. Synthese 177: 301-316.

Jeffrey, Richard C. (1956) Valuation and acceptance of scientific hypotheses. Philosophy of Science 23: 237-246.

Intemann, Kristen (2005) Feminism, underdetermination, and values in science. Philosophy of Science 72: 1001-1012.

Intemann, Kristen (2015) Distinguishing between legitimate and illegitimate valuesin climate modeling. European Journal for Philosophy of Science 5: 217-232.

Kitcher, Philip (2001) Science, Truth, and Democracy. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Kourany, Janet (2010) Philosophy of Science after Feminism. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Levi, Isaac (1960) Must the scientist make value judgments? The Journal of Philosophy 57: 345- 357.

Lloyd, Elisabeth A. (1993) Pre-theoretical assumptions in evolutionary explanations of female sexuality. Philosophical Studies 69: 139-153.

Longino, Helen E. (1996) Cognitive and non-cognitive values in science: rethinking the dichotomy. In L. Hankinson Nelson & J. Nelson (Eds.), Feminism, Science and the Philosophy of Science (pp. 39-58). Dordrecht: Kluwer.

Longino, Helen E. (2002) The Fate of Knowledge. Princeton: Princeton University Press.

McMullin, Ernan (1982) Values in science. PSA: Proceedings of the Biennial Meeting of the Philosophy of Science Association 1982 (Volume Two, Symposia and Invited Papers): 3-28.

Reichenbach, Hans (1938) Experience and Prediction: An Analysis of the Foundations and the Structure of Knowledge. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Rudner, Richard (1953) The scientist qua scientist makes value judgments. Philosophy of Science 20: 1-6.

Schiebinger, Londa (1999) Has Feminism Changed Science? Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

Schroeder, S. Andrew (2021) Democratic values: A better foundation for public trust in science. British Journal for the Philosophy of Science 72: 545-562.

Tuana, Nancy (2010) Leading with ethics, aiming for policy: new opportunities for philosophy of science. Synthese 177: 471-492.

Wylie, Alison & Hankinson Nelson, Lynn (2007) Coming to terms with the values of science: insights from feminist science scholarship. In H. Kincaid, J. Dupré & A. Wylie (Eds.), Value- Free Science? Ideals and Illusions (pp. 58-86). Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Ainsworth, Claire. 2015. "Sex Redefined. The Idea of Two Sexes Is Simplistic. Biologists Now Think There Is a Wider Spectrum Than That." Nature 518:288-291.

Barrett, Lisa Feldman. 2012. "Emotions Are Real." Emotion 12:413-429.

Boyd, Richard. 1999. "Kinds as the “Workmanship of Men”: Realism, Constructivism, and Natural Kinds." In Rationality, Realism, Revision: Proceedings of the 3rd International Congress of the Society for Analytic Philosophy, ed. J. Nida-Rümelin, 52-89. Berlin: de Gruyter.

Brigandt, Ingo. 2009. "Natural Kinds in Evolution and Systematics: Metaphysical and Epistemological Considerations." Acta Biotheoretica 57:77-97.

Charland, Louis C. 2004. "Character: Moral Treatment and the Personality Disorders." In The Philosophy of Psychiatry: A Companion, ed. Jennifer Radden, 64-77. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Godman, Marion. 2013. "Psychiatric Disorders qua Natural Kinds: The Case of the “Apathetic Children”." Biological Theory 7:144-152.

Griffiths, Paul E. 2004a. "Emotions as Natural and Normative Kinds." Philosophy of Science 71:901-911.

Griffiths, Paul E 2004b. "Is Emotion a Natural Kind?" In Thinking About Feeling: Contemporary Philosophers on Emotions, ed. Robert C. Solomon, 233-249. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Hacking, Ian. 1999. The Social Construction of What. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

Haslam, Nick. 2003. "Kinds of Kinds: A Conceptual Taxonomy of Psychiatric Categories." Philosophy, Psychiatry, & Psychology 9:203-217.

Horwitz, Allan V. 2014. "The Social Functions of Natural Kinds: The Case of Major Depression." In Classifying Psychopathology: Mental Kinds and Natural Kinds, ed. Harold Kincaid and Jacqueline A. Sullivan, 209-226. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

Kaplan, Jonathan M. 2010. "When Socially Determined Categories Make Biological Realities." The Monist 93:283-299.

Khalidi, Muhammed Ali. 2013. Natural Categories and Human Kinds: Classification in the Natural and Social Sciences. Cambridge: Cambridge Univeristy Press.

Ludwig, David. 2016. "Ontological Choices and the Value-Free Ideal." Erkenntnis 81:1253-1272.

Ludwig, David 2017. "Indigenous and Scientific Kinds." British Journal for the Philosophy of Science 68:187-212.

Mallon, Ron. 2006. "‘Race’: Normative, Not Metaphysical or Semantic." Ethics 116:525-551.

Potter, Nancy Nyquist. 2014. "Oppositional Defiant Disorder: Cultural Factors That Influence Interpretations of Defiant Behavior and Their Social and Scientific Consequences." In Classifying Psychopathology: Mental Kinds and Natural Kinds, ed. Harold Kincaid and Jacqueline A. Sullivan, 175-193. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

Stone, Alison. 2004. "Essentialism and Anti-Essentialism in Feminist Philosophy." Journal of Moral Philosophy 1:135-153.

Sveinsdóttir, Ásta Kristjana. 2011. "The Metaphysics of Sex and Gender." In Feminist Metaphysics: Explorations in the Ontology of Sex, Gender and the Self, ed. Charlotte Witt, 47-65. Dordrecht: Springer.

Tekin, Şerife. 2014. "The Missing Self in Hacking’s Looping Effects." In Classifying Psychopathology: Mental Kinds and Natural Kinds, ed. Harold Kincaid and Jacqueline A. Sullivan, 227-256. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

Zachar, Peter, and Nancy Nyquist Potter. 2010. "Personality Disorders: Moral or Medical Kinds— or Both?" Philosophy, Psychiatry, & Psychology 17:101-117.

P. E. Griffiths and K. Sterelny. Sex and Death: An Introduction to Philosophy of Biology. University of Chicago Press, 1999.

Amundson, R. (1994). Two concepts of constraint: adaptationism and the challenge from developmental biology. Philosophy of Science 61, 556–578.

Brandon, R. N. (1988). The levels of selection: a hierarchy of interactors. In H. Plotkin (Ed.) The Role of Behavior in Evolution, pp. 51–71. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

Brigandt, I. (2003). Species pluralism does not imply species eliminativism. Philosophy of Science 70, 1305–1316.

Bechtel, W. (2010). The downs and ups of mechanistic research: circadian rhythm research as an exemplar. Erkenntnis 73, 313–328.

Buller, D. J. (2006). Evolutionary psychology: a critique. In E. Sober (Ed.), Conceptual Issues in Evolutionary Psychology, 3rd edition, pp. 197–214. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

Darden, L. (2005) “Relations among fields: Mendelian, cytological and molecular mechanisms.” Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences 36: 349–371.

Dawkins, R. (2006). The Selfish Gene, 3rd edition. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Ereshefsky, M. (1992). Eliminative pluralism. Philosophy of Science 59, 671–690.

Fodor, J. A. (1974). Special sciences (or: the disunity of science as a working hypothesis). Synthese 28, 97–115.

Gould, S. J. and R. Lewontin (1979). The spandrels of San Marco and the Panglossian paradigm: a critique of the adaptationist programme. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London (Series B, Biological Sciences) 205, 581–598.

Griffiths, P. E. (1999). Squaring the circle: natural kinds with historical essences. In R. A. Wilson (Ed.), Species: New Interdisciplinary Essays, pp. 208–228. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

Griffiths, P. E. (2002). What is innateness? The Monist 85, 70–85.

Griffiths, P. E. (2005). Function, homology, and character individuation. Philosophy of Science 73, 1–25.

Griffiths, P. E. and K. Stotz (2007). Gene. In D. L. Hull and M. Ruse (Eds.) The Cambridge Companion to the Philosophy of Biology, pp. 85–102.

Hendrikse, J. L., T. E. Parssons, and B. Hallgrímsson (2007). Evolvability as the proper focus of evolutionary developmental biology. Evolution & Development 9, 393–401.

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Hull, D. L. (1978). A matter of individuality. Philosophy of Science 45, 335–360.

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Laubichler, M. and G. P. Wagner (2001). How molecular is molecular developmental biology? A reply to Alex Rosenberg’s Reductionism redux: computing the embryo. Biology and Philosophy 16, 53–68.

Love, A. C. (2013). Interdisciplinary lessons for the teaching of biology from the practice of evo- devo. Science & Education 22, 255–278.

Maynard Smith, J. (2000). The concept of information in biology. Philosophy of Science 67, 177–194.

Moss, L. (2003). What Genes Can’t Do. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

Okasha, S. (2001). Why won’t the group selection controversy go away? British Journal for the Philosophy of Science 52, 25–50.

Robert, J. S. (2002). How developmental is evolutionary developmental biology? Biology and Philosophy 17, 591–611.

Robert, J. S. (2004). Embryology, Epigenesis, and Evolution: Taking Development Seriously. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Schaffner, K. F. (1976). Reductionism in biology: prospects and problems. In R. S. Cohen and A. Michalos (Eds.), Proceedings of the 1974 Biennial Meeting of the Philosophy of Science Association, pp. 613–632. Dordrecht: Reidel.

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Wouters, A. G. (2005). The functions debate in philosophy. Acta Biotheoretica 53, 123–151.

Anderson, Elizabeth (1995) Knowledge, human interests, and objectivity in feminist epistemology. Philosophical Topics 23: 27-58.

Bloor, David (1974) Knowledge and Social Imagery. London: Routledge.

Brigandt, Ingo (in press) Intelligent design and the nature of science: philosophical and pedagogical points. In K. Kampourakis (Ed.), The Philosophy of Biology: A Companion for Educators. Berlin: Springer.

Chalmers, Alan F. (1990) Science and Its Fabrication. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.

Daston, Lorraine & Galison, Peter (1992) The image of objectivity. Representations 40: 81-128.

de Melo-Martín, Inmaculada & Intemann, Kristen (2011) Feminist resources for biomedical research: lessons from the HPV vaccines. Hypatia 26: 79-101.

Douglas, Heather (2004) The irreducible complexity of objectivity. Synthese 138: 453-473.

Douglas, Heather (2009) Science, Policy, and the Value-Free Ideal. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press.

Fehr, Carla & Plaisance, Kathryn (2010) Socially relevant philosophy of science: an introduction. Synthese 177: 301-316.

Jeffrey, Richard C. (1956) Valuation and acceptance of scientific hypotheses. Philosophy of Science 23: 237-246.

Kincaid, Harold (2007) Contextualist morals and science. In H. Kincaid, J. Dupré & A. Wylie (Eds.), Value-Free Science? Ideals and Illusions (pp. 218-238). Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Kitcher, Philip (2001) Science, Truth, and Democracy. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Kourany, Janet (2010) Philosophy of Science after Feminism. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Lacey, Hugh (1999) Is Science Value Free? Values and Scientific Understanding. London: Routledge.

Levi, Isaac (1960) Must the scientist make value judgments? The Journal of Philosophy 57: 345- 357.

Lloyd, Elisabeth A. (1993) Pre-theoretical assumptions in evolutionary explanations of female sexuality. Philosophical Studies 69: 139-153.

Longino, Helen E. (1996) Cognitive and non-cognitive values in science: rethinking the dichotomy. In L. Hankinson Nelson & J. Nelson (Eds.), Feminism, Science and the Philosophy of Science (pp. 39-58). Dordrecht: Kluwer.

Longino, Helen E. (2002) The Fate of Knowledge. Princeton: Princeton University Press.

McMullin, Ernan (1982) Values in science. PSA: Proceedings of the Biennial Meeting of the Philosophy of Science Association 1982 (Volume Two, Symposia and Invited Papers): 3-28.

Reichenbach, Hans (1938) Experience and Prediction: An Analysis of the Foundations and the Structure of Knowledge. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Rottschaefer, William A. (2003) Assessing the role of non-epistemic feminist values in scientific inquiry. Behavior and Philosophy 31: 225-249.

Rudner, Richard (1953) The scientist qua scientist makes value judgments. Philosophy of Science 20: 1-6.

Schiebinger, Londa (1999) Has Feminism Changed Science? Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

Tuana, Nancy (2010) Leading with ethics, aiming for policy: new opportunities for philosophy of science. Synthese 177: 471-492.

Wylie, Alison & Hankinson Nelson, Lynn (2007) Coming to terms with the values of science: insights from feminist science scholarship. In H. Kincaid, J. Dupré & A. Wylie (Eds.), Value- Free Science? Ideals and Illusions (pp. 58-86). Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Bechtel, W. (2011) “Mechanism and biological explanation.” Philosophy of Science 78: 533– 557.

Bloor, D. (1976) Knowledge and Social Imagery. London: Routledge and K. Paul.

Darden, L. (2005) “Relations among fields: Mendelian, cytological and molecular mechanisms.” Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences 36: 349–371.

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