Hybrid Warfare in Europe

3 Credits · Level: Graduate

This study tour examines the evolution of hybrid warfare in Europe since the 2022 invasion of Ukraine by Russia, with a particular focus on intelligence practices, emerging technologies, and counter-hybrid strategies adopted by European states. The program is anchored in Madrid and delivered in partnership with Rey Juan Carlos University, leveraging Spain’s position as both a NATO and EU member state and a key logistical, informational, and infrastructural node within the European security architecture. This study tour situates Spain within the broader European response framework involving the European Union and NATO, while continuously linking European experiences to U.S. strategic vulnerabilities and homeland security considerations. The course is delivered in close collaboration with Rey Juan Carlos University, whose faculty and institutional partners provide local expertise on European security policy, intelligence studies, and technology governance. Instruction takes place in an academic setting complemented by field-based learning, reinforcing the integration of theory and practice.