Science, Politics, and Environmental Policy

The Political Debate

Martino, Joseph P. “Science and Public Policy.” In Politicizing Science . Edited by Michael Gough. Stanford, CA: Hoover Institution Press, 2003, pp. 73-89. ISBN: 0817939326.

Michaels, Patrick J. “Science or Political Science?” In Politicizing Science . Edited by Michael Gough. Stanford, CA: Hoover Institution Press, 2003, pp. 171-192. ISBN: 0817939326.

Kennedy, Robert F., Jr. “The Junk Science of George W. Bush.” The Nation , March 8, 2004.

The Policy Process

Kingdon, John. Chapter 4, and 8 in Agendas, Alternatives, and Public Policies . Rev. ed. New York: Longman, 2003, pp. 165-190, 71-89. ISBN: 0321121856.

Stone, Deborah. Chapter 1 in Policy Paradox . New York: Norton, 2001. pp. 17-34. ISBN: 0393976254.

Popper, Karl. Chapter 1 in Conjectures and Refutations: The Growth of Scientific Knowledge . New York: Routledge, 1992, pp. 33-65. ISBN: 0415043182.

Zuckerman, Harriet. “The Sociology of Science.” In Handbook of Sociology . Edited by Neil J. Smelser. London: Sage Publications, 1988, pp. 541-564. ISBN: 0803926650.

Gieryn, Thomas F. “The Boundaries of Science.” In Handbook of Science and Technology Studies . Edited by Sheila Jasanoff, et al. London: Sage Publications, 1995, pp. 393-407. ISBN: 0761924981.

Medawar, Peter. “Two Conceptions of Science,” and “Induction and Intuition in Scientific Thought.” In Pluto’s Republic . Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1984, pp. 28-41. ISBN: 0192830392.

Mayr, Ernst. Chapters 2, and 3 in This is Biology . Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1998, pp. 24-78. ISBN: 0674884698.

Regulatory Science

Noss, Reed F., and Allen Y. Cooperrider. Excerpt from Chapter 3 in Saving Nature’s Legacy . Washington, DC: Island Press, 1994, pp. 67-83. ISBN: 1559632488.

Murphy, Dennis, and Barry Noon. “Coping With Uncertainty in Wildlife Biology.” Journal of Wildlife Management 55, no. 4 (1991): 773-782.

Blaustein, Andrew R., and David B. Wake. “The Puzzle of Declining Amphibian Populations.” In Scientific American , April 1995, 52-57.

Graham, John D., et al. In Search of Safety . Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1991, pp. 179-189. ISBN: 0674446364.

Sarewitz, Daniel, and Roger A. Pielke, Jr. “Prediction in Science and Policy.” In Prediction . Edited by Daniel Sarewitz, Roger A. Pielke, Jr., and Radford Byerly, Jr. Washington, DC: Island Press, 2000, pp. 11-22. ISBN: 1559637765.

Scientists as Experts

Lynn, Frances M. “The Interplay of Science and Values in Assessing and Regulating Environmental Risks.” Science, Technology, & Human Values 11, no. 2 (1986): 40-50.

Hilgartner, Stephen. Science on Stage: Expert Advice as Public Drama . Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2000, pp. 3-41. ISBN: 0804736464.

Kaiser, Jocelyn. “Ecologists on a Mission to Save the World.” Science 287 (2000): 1188.

Pool, Robert. “Struggling to do Science for Society.” Science 248 (1990): 672.

Goode, Stephen. “Singer Cool on Global Warming.” Insight on the News 20, no. 10 (2004): 42-45.

Porder, Stephen. “Science and Policy–Uneasy Partners.” Bioscience 54, no. 1 (2004): 6-7.

Stone, Deborah. “Causal Stories and the Formation of Policy Agendas.” Political Science Quarterly 104, no. 2 (1989): 281-300.

Wildavsky, Aaron. But is it True? A Citizen’s Guide to Environmental Health and Safety Issues . Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1997, pp. 201-222. ISBN: 0674089235.

Ehrlich, Paul, and Anne Ehrlich. Chapter 2 in Betrayal of Science and Reason . Washington, DC: Island Press, 1997, pp. 11-23, 153-163. ISBN: 1559634839.

Bolch, Ben, and Harold Lyons. “The Greenhouse Effect: What is the Real Issue.” In Apocalypse Not . Washington, DC: Cato Institute, 1993, pp. 71-82. ISBN: 1882577051.

Sarewitz, Daniel, and Roger Pielke, Jr. “Breaking the Global-Warming Gridlock.” Atlantic Monthly 286, no. 1 (2000): 54-65.

Nelkin, Dorothy. Chapters 5-7 in Selling Science: How the Press Covers Science and Technology . Rev. ed. New York: W. H. Freeman, 1995, pp. 62-123. ISBN: 0716725959.

Greenberg, Michael, et al. “Network Television News Coverage of Environmental Risks.” Environment 31, no. 2 (1989): 16-20, 40-43.

“The Great Greenhouse Debate.” Media Monitor VI (December 1992).

Mazur, Alan, and Jinling Lee. “Sounding the Global Alarm.” Social Studies of Science 23 (1993): 681-720.

Graber, Doris A. Chapters 6, and 7 in Mass Media and American Politics . 6th ed. Washington, DC: CQ Press, 2001, pp. 159-234. ISBN: 1568026358.

Slovic, Paul. “Perception of Risk.” Science 236 (1987): 280-285.

———. “Trust, Emotion, Sex, Politics and Science: Surveying the Risk-assessment Battlefield.” In The Perception of Risk . Edited by Paul Slovic. London: Earthscan Publications, 2000, pp. 390-412. ISBN: 1853835285.

Tversky, Amos, and Daniel Kahneman. “The Framing of Decisions and the Psychology of Choice.” Science 211 (January 30, 1981): 453-458.

Kingdon, John W. Chapters 8-10 in Congressmen’s Voting Decisions . 3rd ed. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press, 1989, pp. 210-261. ISBN: 0472064010.

Brown, George E., Jr. “Environmental Science Under Siege in the U.S. Congress.” Environment 39, no. 2 (1997): 12-20, 29-31.

U.S. House of Representatives. “Scientific Integrity and Public Trust: The Science Behind Federal Politics and Mandates: Case Study 2–Climate Models and Projections of Potential Impacts of Global Climate Change.” Hearing Before the Subcommittee on Energy and Environment of the Committee on Science . November 16, 1995.

Layzer, Judith A. “Acid Rain, and the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990.” In The Environmental Case . Washington, DC: CQ Press, 2002. ISBN: 1568027265.

Science in Agencies

Powell, Mark. Chapter 2 in Science at the EPA . Washington, DC: Resources for the Future, 1999, pp. 21-56. ISBN: 1891853007.

Jasanoff, Sheila. Chapter 6 in The Fifth Branch . Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1996, pp. 101-122. ISBN: 0674300629.

Graham, John D., et al. Chapters 3, and 4 in Search of Safety . Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1991, pp. 38-114. ISBN: 0674446364.

Wilkinson, Todd. Science Under Siege: The Politicians’ War on Nature and Truth . Boulder, CO: Johnson Books, 1998, pp. 65-112. ISBN:1555662110.

Barringer, Felicity. “Interior Official and Federal Biologists Clash on Danger to Bird.” New York Times , 5 December, 2004.

Science in Court

McGarity, Thomas O. “Judicial Review of Scientific Rulemaking.” Science, Technology & Human Values 9, no. 1 (Winter 1984): 97-106.

Jasanoff, Sheila. Chapter 4 in Science at the Bar . Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1990, pp. 69-92. ISBN: 067479303X.

———. “Judicial Fictions: The Supreme Court’s Quest for Good Science.” Society 38, no. 4 (2001): 27-36.

O’Brien, David M. Chapter 3 in What Process is Due? New York: Russell Sage Foundation, 1987, pp. 71-106, 153-183. ISBN: 087154623X.

Brown, Donald A., and Patrick Zaepfel. “The Implications of Scientific Uncertainty for Environmental Law.” In Scientific Uncertainty and Environmental Problem Solving . Edited by John Lemons. Oxford: Blackwell Science, 1996, pp. 377-393. ISBN: 0865424764.

Harrison, Kathryn, and George Hoberg. “Setting the Environmental Agenda in Canada and the United States: The Cases of Dioxin and Radon.” Canadian Journal of Political Science XXIV (March 1991): 3-27.

Jasanoff, Sheila. “Acceptable Evidence in a Pluralistic Society.” In Acceptable Evidence: Science and Values in Hazard Management . Edited by R. Hollander, and D. Mayo. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1994, 29-47. ISBN: 0195089294.

Layzer, Judith A. “Climate Change.” In The Environmental Case: Translating Values Into Policy . Washington, DC: CQ Press, 2002, pp. 209-237. ISBN: 1568027265.

Bierman, Frank. “Institutions for Scientific Advice: Global Environmental Assessments and Their Influence in Developing Countries.” Global Governance 8, no. 2 (April-June 2002): 195+.

Ozawa, Connie P. “Science in Environmental Conflicts.” Sociological Perspectives 39, no. 2 (1996): 219-230.

Ehrman, J. R., and B. L. Stimson. “Joint Fact Finding and the Use of Technical Experts.” In The Consensus Building Handbook . Edited by Lawrence Susskind, et al. London: Sage Publications, 1999, pp. 375-399. ISBN: 0761908447.

Ludwig, Donald. “The Era of Management is Over.” Ecosystems 4 (2001): 758-764.

Coglianese, Cary. “The Limits of Consensus.” Environment 41 (1999): 28-33.

Wynne, Brian. “Misunderstood Misunderstandings.” In Misunderstanding Science? Edited by A. Irwin and B. Wynne. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2004, pp. 19-46. ISBN: 0521525209.

Corburn, Jason. “Combining Community-Based Research and Local Knowledge to Confront Asthma and Subsistence-Fishing Hazards….” Environmental Health Perspectives 110 (April 2002): 241-248.

Fischer, Frank. Chapters 8-10 in Citizens, Experts, and the Environment . Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2000, pp. 147-218. ISBN: 0822326221.

Edwards, Rob. “The Price of Arrogance.” New Scientist (October 17, 1998): 18-19.

Meffe, Gary, et al. “Adaptive Management.” In Ecosystems Management . Washington, DC: Island Press, 2002, pp. 95-111. ISBN: 1559638249.

Berkes, Fikret, Johan Golding, and Carl Folke. “Rediscovery of Traditional Ecological Knowledge as Adaptive Management.” Ecological Applications 10, no. 5 (2000): 1251-1262.

Harremoes, Poul, et al. “Twelve Late Lessons.” In The Precautionary Principle in the 20th Century . London: Earthscan Publications, Ltd., 2002, pp. 185-215. ISBN: 1853838934.