Law, Technology, and Public Policy

Required Reading

Segal, M. Bradley. “A New Generation of Downtown Management Organizations.” Urban Land (April 1998).

Required Readings

Fogelson, Robert. Downtown: Its Rise and Fall, 1880-1950 . New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2003, chapters 1, 4, and 5. ISBN: 0300098278.

Recommended Readings

Teaford, Jon C. The Rough Road to Renaissance: Urban Revitalization in America 1940-1985 . Baltimore, MD: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1990. ISBN: 0801841348.

Beauregard, Robert. Voices of Decline: The Postwar Fate of U.S. Cities . New York, NY: Routledge, 2003. ISBN: 0415932386.

Levine, M. V. “Downtown Redevelopment As an Urban Growth Strategy: A Critical Appraisal of the Baltimore Renaissance.” The Journal of Urban Affairs 9 (1987): 103-123.

Sawicki, David. “The Festival Marketplace As Public Policy.” Journal of the American Planning Association 55, no. 3 (1989): 347-361.

Sagalyn, Lynne. “Explaining the Improbable: Local Redevelopment in the Wake of Federal Cutbacks.” Journal of the American Planning Association 56, no. 4 (1990): 429-441.

Robertson, Kent A. “Downtown Retail Revitalization: A Review of American Development Strategies.” Planning Perspectives 12 (1997): 383-401.

Austin, James, and Arthur McCaffrey. “Business Leadership Coalitions and Public-Private Partnerships in American Cities: A Business Perspective on Regime Theory.” Journal of Urban Affairs 24, no. 1 (2002): 35-54.

Greenblatt, Alan. “Downtown Renaissance: Are Center Cities Finally Returning to Health?” Congressional Quarterly Researcher 16, no. 24 (2006): 553-576.

Birch, Eugenie L. “Having a Longer View on Downtown Living.” Journal of the American Planning Association 68 (2002): 1-27.

Pack, Janet Rothenberg. “BIDs, DIDs, SIDs, and SADs: Private Governments in Urban America.” Brookings Review 10, no. 4 (1992): 18-21.

Briffault, Richard. “A Government for Our Time? Business Improvement Districts and Urban Governance.” Columbia Law Review 99, no. 2 (1999): 365-477.

———. “Business Improvement Districts and the ‘New’ Revitalization of Downtown.” Economic Development Quarterly 15 (2001): 115-123.

Levy, Paul R. “Paying for the Public Life.” Economic Development Quarterly 15 (2001): 124-131.

Wolf, James. “Urban Governance and Business Improvement Districts: The Washington, DC BIDs.” International Journal of Public Administration 29, no. 1-3 (2006): 53-75.

Meek, Jack, and Paul Hubler. “Business Improvement Districts in Southern California: Implications for Local Governance.” International Journal of Public Administration 29, no. 1-3 (2006): 31-52.

Justice, Jonathan B., and Robert S. Goldsmith. “Private Governments or Public Policy Tools? The Law and Public Policy of New Jersey’s Special Improvement Districts.” International Journal of Public Administration 29, no. 1-3 (2006): 107-136.

Morcol, Goktug, and Ulf Zimmermann. “Metropolitan Governance and Business Improvement Districts.” International Journal of Public Administration 29, no. 1-3 (2006): 5-27.

———. “Community Improvement Districts in Metropolitan Atlanta.” International Journal of Public Administration 29, no. 1-3 (2006): 77-105.

Hoyt, Lorlene. “Collecting Private Funds for Safer Public Spaces: An Empirical Examination of the Business Improvement District Concept.” Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design 31, no. 3 (2004): 367-380.

———. “Do Business Improvement District Organizations Make a Difference? Crime In and Around Commercial Areas in Philadelphia.” Journal of Planning Education and Research 25, no. 2 (2005): 185-199.

Caruso, Gina, and Rachel Weber. “Getting the Max for the Tax: An Examination of BID Performance Measures.” International Journal of Public Administration 29, no. 1-3 (2006): 187-219.

Gross, Jill Simone. “Business Improvement Districts in New York City’s Low-Income and High-Income Neighborhoods.” Economic Development Quarterly 19, no. 2 (2005): 174-189.

Rogowsky, Edward, and Jill Simone Gross. “Managing Development in New York City: The Case of Business Improvement Districts.” In Managing Capital Resources for Central City Revitalization . New York, NY: Garland Publishing, 1999, pp. 81-87. ISBN: 0815332130.

Garodnick, Daniel. “What’s the BID Deal? Can the Grand Central Business Improvement District Serve a Special Limited Purpose?” University of Pennsylvania Law Review 148 (2000): 1733-1737.

Hochleutner, Brian R. “BIDs Fare Well: The Democratic Accountability of Business Improvement Districts.” New York University Law Review 78, no. 374 (2003): 1-33.

Schaller, Susanna, and Gabriella Modan. “Contesting Public Space and Citizenship: Implications for Neighborhood Business Improvement Districts.” Journal of Planning Education 24, no. 4 (2005): 394-407.

Morcol, Goktug, and Patricia A. Patrick. “Business Improvement Districts in Pennsylvania: Implications for Democratic Metropolitan Governance.” International Journal of Public Administration 29, no. 1-3 (2006): 137-171.

Houstoun, Lawrence O. Business Improvement Districts . Washington, DC: Urban Land Institute, 2003, pp. 38-69. ISBN: 0874209005.

Houstoun, Lawrence O. Business Improvement Districts . Washington, DC: Urban Land Institute, 2003. ISBN: 0874209005.

Feehan, David, and Marvin Feit. “Making Business Districts Work: Leadership and Management of Downtown, Main Street, Business District, and Community Development Organizations.” In Making Business Districts Work . New York, NY: The Haworth Press, 2006. ISBN: 0789023911.

Porter, Michael E. “New Strategies for Inner-City Economic Development.” Economic Development Quarterly 11, no. 1 (1997): 28-38.

——— “Location, Competition and Economic Development: Local Clusters in a Global Economy.” Economic Development Quarterly 14, no. 1 (2000): 15-34.

Recommended Reading

Florida, Richard. The Rise of the Creative Class . New York, NY: Basic Books, 2002. ISBN: 0465024777.

Hoyt, Lorlene. “Importing Ideas: The Transnational Transfer of Urban Revitalization Policy.” International Journal of Public Administration 29 (2006): 221-243.

———. “Planning Through Compulsory Commercial Clubs: Business Improvement Districts.” Economic Affairs 25, no. 4 (2005): 24-27.

Hernandez, Tony, and Ken Jones. “Emerging Business Improvement Area Strategies in Canada.” In Business Improvement Districts: Research, Theories, and Controversies . Oxford, UK: Taylor and Francis Books, 2007. (Forthcoming.)

Reeve, Alan. “Town Centre Management: Developing a Research Agenda in an Emerging Field.” In Business Improvement Districts: Research, Theories, and Controversies . Oxford, UK: Taylor and Francis Books, 2007. (Forthcoming.)

Agge, Devika Gopal, and Lorlene Hoyt. “Retail and Revitalization: The Business Improvement District Model in the United States and Canada.” In Business Improvement Districts: Research, Theories, and Controversies . Oxford, UK: Taylor and Francis Books, 2007. (Forthcoming.)

Page, Stephen J., and Rachel Hardyman. “Place Marketing and Town Centre Management: A New Tool for Urban Revitalization.” Cities 13, no. 3 (1996): 153-164.

Jones, Peter, David Hillier, and Daphne Comfort. “Business Improvement Districts in Town and City Centres in the UK.” Management Research 26, no. 8 (2003): 50-59.

Ratcliffe, John, and Sheila Flanagan. “Enhancing the Vitality and Viability of Town and City Centres: The Concept of the Business Improvement District in the Context of Tourism Enterprise.” Property Management 22, no. 5 (2004): 377-395.

Steel, M., and M. Symes.“The Privatisation of Public Space? The American Experience of Business Improvement Districts and Their Relationship to Local Governance.” Local Government Studies 31, no. 3 (2005): 321-334.

Blackwell, Martin. “A Consideration of the UK Government’s Proposals for Business Improvement Districts in England: Issues and Uncertainties.” Property Management 23, no. 3 (2005): 194-203.

Ratcliffe, John. “The Concept of the Business Improvement District in Ireland.” In Business Improvement Districts: Research, Theories, and Controversies . Oxford, UK: Taylor and Francis Books, 2007. (Forthcoming.)

Lloyd, Mark, and Deborah Peel. “The Formalization of Town Centre Management in the UK and Scotland.” In Business Improvement Districts: Research, Theories, and Controversies . Oxford, UK: Taylor and Francis Books, 2007. (Forthcoming.)

Lloyd, M. G., J. McCarthy, S. McGreal, and J. Berry. “Business Improvement Districts, Planning and Urban Regeneration.” International Planning Studies 8 (2003): 295-321.

Symes, Martin, and Mark Steel. “Lessons from America: The Role of Business Improvement Districts As an Agent of Urban Regeneration.” Town Planning Review 74, no. 3 (2003): 301-313.

Coffey, W. J., M. Polese, and R. Drolet. “Examining the Thesis of a Central Business District Decline: Evidence from the Montreal Metropolitan Area.” Environment and Planning A 28 (1996): 1795-1814.

Miyazawa, Masatomo. Downtown Revitalization in Japan: An Examination of the Town Management Organization Model . Cambridge, MA: MIT Masters Thesis, 2006, pp. 1-123.

Turner, Robyne S. “The Politics of Design and Development in the Postmodern Downtown.” Journal of Urban Affairs 24, no. 5 (2002): 533-548.