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Learning by Comparison: First World/Third World Cities

Graduate · Historical course

Spring 2011 · Urban Climate Adaptation

Topics

  • Introduction: Experimentation and innovation in urban planning
  • Basics of climate change and climate adaptation
  • Vulnerability, adaptation, and adaptive capacity
  • Adaptation options
  • Discussion and wrap-up

Readings

Fall 2008

The primary purpose of this seminar is to enable students to craft approaches to so-called "First World"/ "Third World" city comparisons that are theoretically sophisticated, methodologically rigorous, contextually grounded, and significantly beneficial. Since there exists very little literature and very few projects which compare "First World" and "Third World" cities in a sophisticated and genuinely useful manner, the seminar is structured around a series of readings, case studies, and discussions to assist students in becoming mindful of the potential and pitfalls of comparative analysis, the types of data, the methods of analysis, and the urban issues or sectors which may benefit the most from such approaches. The course is designed to be interdisciplinary and interactive, and is geared towards masters and doctoral students.

Spring 2005 · Disaster, Vulnerability and Resilience

In recent years, the redistribution of risk has created conditions for natural and technological disasters to become more widespread, more difficult to manage, and more discriminatory in their effects. Policy and planning decision-makers frequently focus on the impact that human settlement patterns, land use decisions, and risky technologies can have on vulnerable populations. However, to ensure safety and promote equity, they also must be familiar with the social and political dynamics that are present at each stage of the disaster management cycle. Therefore, this course will provide students with: 1. An understanding of the breadth of factors that give rise to disaster vulnerability; and 2. A foundation for assessing and managing the social and political processes associated with disaster policy and planning.

Readings

  • White, G. F. “The Choice of Use in Resource Management.” Natural Resource Journal 1 (1961): 23-40.
    Listed reading
  • Pelling, Mark. “Assessing Urban Vulnerability and Social Adaptation to Risk: Evidence from Santo Domingo.” International Development Planning Review 24, no. 1 (2002): 59-76.
    Listed reading
  • ———. “Social Vulnerability in the City.” Chapter 3 in The Vulnerability of Cities: Social Resilience and Natural Disaster . London, UK: Earthscan, 2003, pp. 46-67. ISBN: 1853838306.
    Listed reading
  • Bull-Kamanga, L., K. Diagne, A. Lavell, E. Leon, F. Lerise, H. MacGregor, A. Maskrey, M. Meshack, M. Pelling, H. Reid, D. Satterthwaite, J. Songsore, K. Westgate, and A. Yitambe. “From Everyday Hazards to Disasters: The Accumulation of Risk in Urban Areas.” Environment and Urbanization 15, no. 1 (2003): 193-203.
    Listed reading
  • Pelling, Mark. “Natural Disasters?” In Social Nature . Edited by N. Castree, and B. Braun. Malden, MA: Blackwell, 2001, pp. 170-188. ISBN: 0631215689.
    Listed reading
  • Listed reading
  • Morrow, Betty H. “Targeting Households at Risk for Storms: Community Vulnerability Mapping.” In Storms . Edited by R. Pielke, Jr., and R. Pielke, Sr. Vol. 1. London, UK: Routlege, 2000. ISBN: 0415212863.
    Listed reading
  • Anderson, Mary B. “Vulnerability to Disaster and Sustainable Development: A General Framework for Assessing Vulnerability.” In Storms . Edited by R. Pielke, Jr., and R. Pielke, Sr. Vol. 1. London, UK: Routlege, 2000. ISBN: 0415212863.
    Listed reading
  • Nakagawa, Yuko, and Rajib Shaw. “Social Capital: A Missing Link to Disaster Recovery.” Journal of Mass Emergencies and Disasters 22, no. 1 (2004): 5-34.
    Listed reading
  • Shorten, Graham G., and Susanne Schmall. “Disaster risk management in marginal communities of Port Vila, Vanuatu - Project Summary.” SOPAC Miscellaneous Report 507. 2003.
    Listed reading
  • Shorten, Graham G., ed. “Catastrophe Insurance Pilot Project, Port Vila, Vanuatu: Developing Risk-Management Options for Disasters in the Pacific Region - Project Summary.” SOPAC Miscellaneous Report 550. 2003.
    Listed reading
  • Peacock, Walter G., and A. Kathleen Ragsdale. “Social Systems, Ecological Networks and Disasters.” In Hurricane Andrew: Ethnicity, Gender and the Sociology of Disasters . Edited by W. G. Peacock, B. H. Morrow, and J. Gladwin. New York, NY: Routledge, 1997. ISBN: 0415168112.
    Listed reading
  • Part 1: Climate Instability and Public Health
    Listed reading
  • Epstein, Paul R. “Climate and Health.” Science 285, no. 5426 (1999): 347-348.
    Listed reading
  • ———. “Is Global Warming Harmful to Health?” Scientific American (August 2000): 36-43.
    Listed reading
  • Epstein, Paul R., and James J. McCarthy. “Assessing Climate Stability.” Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 86, no. 2 (2005): 1-8.
    Listed reading
  • Epstein, Paul R., Henry F. Diaz, Scott Elias, Georg Grabherr, Nicholas E. Graham, Willem J. M. Martens, Ellen Mosley-Thompson, and Joel Susskind. “Biological and Physical Signs of Climate Change: Focus on Mosquito-borne Diseases.” Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 79, no. 3 (1998): 409-417.
    Listed reading
  • Platt, Rutherford. “Introduction: Disasters Before 1950,” and Chapter 1, “Shouldering the Burden.” In Disasters and Democracy . Washington, DC: Island Press, 1999, pp. 1-42. ISBN: 1559636963.
    Listed reading
  • Walker, Peter, Ben Wisner, Jennifer Leaning, and Larry Minear. “Smoke and Mirrors: Deficiencies in Disaster Funding.” BMJ 330 (2005): 247-250.
    Listed reading
  • Slovic, P. “Risk Perception.” Science 236 (1987): 280-285.
    Listed reading
  • Kasperson, J. X., and R. E. Kasperson. “Border Crossings.” In Transboundary Risk Management . Edited by J. Linerooth-Bayer, R. E. Lofstedt, and G. Sjostedt. London, UK: Earthscan, 2001. ISBN: 1853835374.
    Listed reading
  • Lofstedt, R. E. “Risk Communication: The Barseack Nuclear Plant Case.” Energy Policy 24, no. 8 (1996): 689-696.
    Listed reading
  • Lofstedt, R. E., and V. Jankauskas. “Swedish Aid and the Ignalina Nuclear Power Plant.” In Transboundary Risk Management . Edited by J. Linerooth-Bayer, R. E. Lofstedt, and G. Sjostedt. London, UK: Earthscan, 2001. ISBN: 1853835374.
    Listed reading
  • Slovic, P. “Perceived Risk, Trust and Democracy.” Risk Analysis 13, no. 6 (1993): 675-682.
    Listed reading
  • Burton, I, and R. W. Kates. “The Perception of Natural Hazards in Resource Management.” Natural Resources Journal 3 (1964): 412-441.
    Listed reading
  • Blaikie, P., T. Cannon, I. Davis, and B. Wisner. Chapter 2, “Disaster Pressure and Release Model,” and Chapter 3, “Access to Resources and Coping in Adversity.” In At Risk: Natural Hazards, People’s Vulnerability, and Disasters . London, UK: Routledge, 1994. ISBN: 0415084776.
    Listed reading
  • Morrow, Betty Hearn. “Stretching the Bonds: The Families of Andrew.” In Hurricane Andrew: Ethnicity, Gender and the Sociology of Disasters . Edited by W. G. Peacock, B. H. Morrow, and J. Gladwin. London, UK: Routledge, 1997, pp. 14-170. ISBN: 0415168112.
    Listed reading
  • Tierney, K., M. Lindell, and R. Perry. “Factors Influencing Disaster Preparedness and Response.” Chapter 5 in Facing the Unexpected: Disaster Preparedness and Response in the United States . Washington, DC: Joseph Henry Press, 2001. ISBN: 0309069998.
    Listed reading
  • Kingdon, John W. Agendas, Alternatives, and Public Policies . New York, NY: HarperCollins Publishers, 1984, pp. 99-105. ISBN: 0673394557.
    Listed reading
  • Birkland, Thomas A. “In the Wake of the Exxon Valdez: How Environmental Disasters Can Spur Policy Change.” Environment 40, no. 7 (1998): 4-9, and 27-32.
    Listed reading
  • ———. “Focusing Events, Mobilization, and Agenda Setting.” Journal of Public Policy 18, no. 1 (1998): 53-74.
    Listed reading
  • Birkland, Thomas A., and Radhika Nath. “Business and the Political Dimension in Disaster Management.” Journal of Public Policy 20, no. 3 (2000): 279-303.
    Listed reading
  • Vale, Lawrence J., and Thomas J. Campanella. “Introduction: The Cities Rise Again.” and “Conclusion: Axioms of Resilience.” In The Resilient City: How Modern Cities Recover from Disaster . Edited by Lawrence J. Vale, and Thomas J. Campanella. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 2005. ISBN: 0195175832.
    Listed reading
  • Brunner, Ronald D. “Problems of Governance.” In Finding Common Ground: Governance and Natural Resources in the American West . Edited by Ronald D. Brunner, Christine H. Colburn, Christina M. Cromley, Roberta A. Klein, and Elizabeth A. Olson. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2002, pp. 1-47. ISBN: 0300091451.
    Listed reading
  • Reason, J. Chapter 1 in Managing the Risks of Organizational Accidents . Aldershot, UK: Ashgate, 1997, pp. 1-20. ISBN: 1840141050.
    Listed reading
  • Staw, B. M., L. E. Sandelands, and J. E. Dutton. “Threat-Rigidity Effects in Organizational Behavior: A Multilevel Analysis.” Administrative Science Quarterly 26 (1981): 501-524.
    Listed reading
  • Rudolph, J. W., Steven S. Taylor, and Erica G. Foldy. “Collaborative Off-Line Reflection: A Way to Develop Skill in Action Science and Action Inquiry.” In Handbook of Action Research . Edited by P. Reason, and H. Bradbury. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 2001, pp. 405-412. ISBN: 0761966455.
    Listed reading
Fall 2003 · Use of Joint Fact Finding in Science Intensive Policy Disputes, Part I

Topics

  • Introduction and Overview
  • Discussion of Readings
  • Guest Participant: P. Patrick Leahy, Assoc. Director for Geology, USGS (Invited)
  • Guest Participant: Stanley Ponce, Senior Advisor for Partnerships and Business Policy, USGS (Invited)
  • Natural Resource Management in Rural Eastern Oregon
  • Guest Participant: Michael Mery, Chair Tomales Bay Watershed Council (Invited; TBWC Embodies the Principles and Concepts Discussed in this Theme; the Importance of a Neutral Mediator)
  • Framing a Joint Fact Finding Mission Statement in a Contested Ecosystem Management Situation
  • Cape Wind Controversy and Wind Energy in General
  • Current Status of Wind Power in General and Off Shore Wind Power in Particular
  • NIMBY (not-in-my-backyard)
  • Invited Guest Participant to Present the Overview of the wind Controversy
  • Invited Guest Participant to Present Pro-View of the Controversy
  • Invited Guest Participant to Present the Con-View of the Controversy
  • Class Presentation

Readings

  • Adler, P. S., R. C. Barret, M. C. Bean, J. E. Birkhoff, C. P. Ozawa, and E. B. Rubin. Managing Scientific and Technical Information in Environmental Cases: Principles and Practices for Mediators and Facilitators. 2000, pp. 5-21.
    Listed reading
  • Kendler, H. H. “Should Scientists Remain Objective?” Science 301 (2003): 310-311.
    Listed reading
  • LEC #: 3 · TOPICS: Guest Participant: P. Patrick Leahy, Assoc. Director for Geology, USGS (Invited) · READINGS: Sarewitz, D., and R. A. Pielke. “Prediction in Science and Policy.” In Prediction: Science, Decision Making, and the Future of the Nation . Edited by D. Sarewitz, R. A. Pielke, Jr., and R. Byerly. Island Press, 2000, pp. 11-21.
    Reading assignment
  • McCreary, S. “Resolving Science-intensive Public Policy Disputes-reflections on the New York Bight Initiative.” In The Consensus Building Handbook. Edited by L. Susskind, S. McKearnan, and J. Thomas-Larmer. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, Inc. 1999, pp. 829-858.
    Listed reading
  • Smith, M. E. “Chaos, Consensus and Common Sense.” The Ecologist 25, no. 2/3 (1995): 80-85.
    Listed reading
  • Jacobs, K. L., S. N. Luoma, and K. A. Taylor. “CALFED an Experiment in Science and Decision-making.” Environment 45, no. 1 (2003): 30-41.
    Listed reading
  • S. McCreary, J. Gamman, B. Brooks, L. Whitman, R. Bryson, B. Fuller, A. McInerny, and R. Glazer. “Applying a Mediated Negotiation Framework to Integrated Coastal Zone Management.” Coastal Management 29 (2001): 183-216. (Read pp. 202-209.)
    Listed reading
  • LEC #: 6 · TOPICS: Guest Participant: Stanley Ponce, Senior Advisor for Partnerships and Business Policy, USGS (Invited) · READINGS: Susskind, L. E. “The Need for a Better Balance between Science and Politics.” In Environmental Diplomacy. New York: Oxford University Press, 1994, pp. 63-78.
    Reading assignment
  • Leshner, A. I. “Public Enagement with Science.” Science 299 (2003): 977.
    Listed reading
  • Karl, H. A., and C. E Turner. “Incorporating Science into Decision-making.” Science 300 (2003): 1370.
    Listed reading
  • Walker, G. B., and S. E. Daniels. “Natural Resource Policy and the Paradox of Public Involvement - Bringing Scientists and Citizens Together.” In Understanding Community-based Ecosystem Management. Edited by G. J. Gray, M. J. Enzer, and J. Kusel. New York: The Haworth Press, Inc., 2001, pp. 253-269.
    Listed reading
  • Ozawa, C., and L. E. Susskind. “Mediating Science-intensive Disputes.” Journal of Policy Analysis and Management 5, no. 1 (1985): 23-39.
    Listed reading
  • Ehrman, J. R., and B. L. Stinson. “Joint Fact Finding and the Use of Technical Experts.” In The Consensus Building Handbook. Edited by L. Susskind, S. McKearnan, and J. Thomas-Larmer. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, Inc., 1999, pp. 375-399.
    Listed reading
  • Andrews, C. J. Humble Analysis - the Practice of Joint Fact Finding. Westport, Conn.: Praeger, 2002, p. 200.
    Listed reading
  • “Joint Fact Finding,” Chapter 1, pp. 3-16
    Listed reading
  • “Lessons Learned,” Chapter 16, pp. 165-176
    Listed reading
  • “Elements of a Successful Joint Fact Finding,” Chapter 17, pp. 177-186
    Listed reading
  • Daniels, S. E., and G. B. Walker. Working through Environmental Conflict - the Collaborative Learning Approach . Westport, Conn.: Praeger, 2001, p. 299.
    Listed reading
  • Chapter 1, pp. 1-13
    Listed reading
  • Daniels, S. E. and G. B. Walker. Working through Environmental Conflict - the Collaborative Learning Approach . Westport, Conn.: Praeger, 2001, p. 299. \
    Listed reading
  • “Systems Thinking,” Chapter 6, pp. 97-106
    Listed reading
  • Cash, D. W., W. C. Clark, F. Alcock, N. M. Dickson, N. Eckley, D. H. Guston, J. Jager, and R. B. Mitchell. “Knowledge Systems for Sustainable Development.” In Proceedings of the National Academy of Science . (In press)
    Listed reading
  • Powell, K. “Open the Floodgates.” Nature 420 (2002): 356-358.
    Listed reading
  • Kusel, J., S. C. Doak, S. Carpenter, and V. E. Sturtevant. “The Role of the Public in Adaptive Ecosystem Management.” In_Sierra Neveda Ecosystem Project: Final Report to Congress_ 2. Vol. 2. Assessments and scientific basis for management options. Davis: University of California, Centers for Water and Wildlife Resources, 1996, pp. 611-624.
    Listed reading
  • Listed reading
  • Turner, C. E. “An Experience in John Day, Oregon - the Need for USGS Agenda-less Science in Collaborative Partnerships.” An Internal USGS Report. 2003.
    Listed reading
  • Mery, Michael. Notes on the Tomales Bay Watershed Council and Environmental Issues. 2003, p. 4.
    Listed reading
  • McVicker, G., and T. Bryan. Community-Based Ecosystem Stewardship. 2002, p. 4.
    Listed reading
  • NY Times Magazine article.
    Listed reading
  • Susskind, L., and P. Field. “The Mutual-Gains Approach.” In Dealing with an Angry Public. New York: The Free Press, 1996, pp. 37-59.
    Listed reading
  • LEC #: 17 · TOPICS: NIMBY (not-in-my-backyard) · READINGS: Readings on NIMBY (not-in-my-backyard).
    Reading assignment
  • LEC #: 18 · TOPICS: Discussion of Readings · READINGS: Readings on the Cape Wind Controversy.
    Reading assignment
Sources