Learning by Comparison: First World/Third World Cities
Spring 2011 · Urban Climate Adaptation
Topics
- Introduction: Experimentation and innovation in urban planning
- Basics of climate change and climate adaptation
- Vulnerability, adaptation, and adaptive capacity
- Adaptation options
- Discussion and wrap-up
Readings
- Selin, Henrik, and Stacy D. VanDeveer. “Global Climate Change: Kyoto and Beyond.” In Environmental Policy: New Directions For the Twenty-First Century . 6th ed. Edited by Norman Vig and Michael Kraft. CQ Press, 2005, pp. 265–85. ISBN: 9781933116013.
- Pelling, Mark. Adaptation to Climate Change: From Resilience to Transformation . T & F Books UK, 2011. pp. 3–17. 9780415477512.
- Pelling, Mark. Adaptation to Climate Change: From Resilience to Transformation . T & F Books UK, 2011, pp. 53–104. 9780415477512.
- Adger, W. Neil, Irene Lorenzoni, and Karen L. O’Brien, eds. “Adaptation Now.” In Adapting to Climate Change: Thresholds, Values, Governance . Cambridge University Press, 2009. ISBN: 9780521764858.
- Weaver, Richard. “Linking Climate Change Adaptation and Disaster Risk Reduction.” Tearfund (2009).
- Commission on Climate Change and Development. “Closing the Gaps: Disaster Risk Reduction and Adaptation to Climate Change in Developing Countries.” (2008). )
- Stern, Nicholas. “How Climate Change will Affect People Around the World.” Chapter 3 in The Economics of Climate Change: The Stern Review . Cambridge University Press, 2007, pp. 65–98. ISBN: 9780521700801.
- Humphreys, Steven. Climate Change and Human Rights: A Rough Guide . International Council on Human Rights Policy, 2008. ISBN: 9782940259830.
- Finan, Timothy J., and Donald R. Nelson. “Decentralized Planning and Climate Adaptation: Toward Transparent Governance.” In Adapting to Climate Change: Thresholds, Values, Governance . Edited by W. Neil Adger, Irene Lorenzoni and Karen L. O’Brien. Cambridge University Press, 2010. ISBN: 9780521182515.
- Klein, Richard J. T., and Annett Möhner. “Governance Limits to Effective Global Financial Support for Adaptation.” In Adapting to Climate Change: Thresholds, Values, Governance . Edited by W. Neil Adger, Irene Lorenzoni, and Karen L. O’Brien. Cambridge University Press, 2010. ISBN: 9780521182515.
- Schon, Donald A. The Reflective Practitioner: How Professionals Think in Action. Ashgate Publishing, 1995. ISBN: 9781857423198.
Fall 2008
The primary purpose of this seminar is to enable students to craft approaches to so-called "First World"/ "Third World" city comparisons that are theoretically sophisticated, methodologically rigorous, contextually grounded, and significantly beneficial. Since there exists very little literature and very few projects which compare "First World" and "Third World" cities in a sophisticated and genuinely useful manner, the seminar is structured around a series of readings, case studies, and discussions to assist students in becoming mindful of the potential and pitfalls of comparative analysis, the types of data, the methods of analysis, and the urban issues or sectors which may benefit the most from such approaches. The course is designed to be interdisciplinary and interactive, and is geared towards masters and doctoral students.
Spring 2005 · Disaster, Vulnerability and Resilience
In recent years, the redistribution of risk has created conditions for natural and technological disasters to become more widespread, more difficult to manage, and more discriminatory in their effects. Policy and planning decision-makers frequently focus on the impact that human settlement patterns, land use decisions, and risky technologies can have on vulnerable populations. However, to ensure safety and promote equity, they also must be familiar with the social and political dynamics that are present at each stage of the disaster management cycle. Therefore, this course will provide students with: 1. An understanding of the breadth of factors that give rise to disaster vulnerability; and 2. A foundation for assessing and managing the social and political processes associated with disaster policy and planning.
Readings
- White, G. F. “The Choice of Use in Resource Management.” Natural Resource Journal 1 (1961): 23-40.
- Pelling, Mark. “Assessing Urban Vulnerability and Social Adaptation to Risk: Evidence from Santo Domingo.” International Development Planning Review 24, no. 1 (2002): 59-76.
- ———. “Social Vulnerability in the City.” Chapter 3 in The Vulnerability of Cities: Social Resilience and Natural Disaster . London, UK: Earthscan, 2003, pp. 46-67. ISBN: 1853838306.
- Bull-Kamanga, L., K. Diagne, A. Lavell, E. Leon, F. Lerise, H. MacGregor, A. Maskrey, M. Meshack, M. Pelling, H. Reid, D. Satterthwaite, J. Songsore, K. Westgate, and A. Yitambe. “From Everyday Hazards to Disasters: The Accumulation of Risk in Urban Areas.” Environment and Urbanization 15, no. 1 (2003): 193-203.
- Pelling, Mark. “Natural Disasters?” In Social Nature . Edited by N. Castree, and B. Braun. Malden, MA: Blackwell, 2001, pp. 170-188. ISBN: 0631215689.
- Morrow, Betty H. “Targeting Households at Risk for Storms: Community Vulnerability Mapping.” In Storms . Edited by R. Pielke, Jr., and R. Pielke, Sr. Vol. 1. London, UK: Routlege, 2000. ISBN: 0415212863.
- Anderson, Mary B. “Vulnerability to Disaster and Sustainable Development: A General Framework for Assessing Vulnerability.” In Storms . Edited by R. Pielke, Jr., and R. Pielke, Sr. Vol. 1. London, UK: Routlege, 2000. ISBN: 0415212863.
- Nakagawa, Yuko, and Rajib Shaw. “Social Capital: A Missing Link to Disaster Recovery.” Journal of Mass Emergencies and Disasters 22, no. 1 (2004): 5-34.
- Shorten, Graham G., and Susanne Schmall. “Disaster risk management in marginal communities of Port Vila, Vanuatu - Project Summary.” SOPAC Miscellaneous Report 507. 2003.
- Shorten, Graham G., ed. “Catastrophe Insurance Pilot Project, Port Vila, Vanuatu: Developing Risk-Management Options for Disasters in the Pacific Region - Project Summary.” SOPAC Miscellaneous Report 550. 2003.
- Peacock, Walter G., and A. Kathleen Ragsdale. “Social Systems, Ecological Networks and Disasters.” In Hurricane Andrew: Ethnicity, Gender and the Sociology of Disasters . Edited by W. G. Peacock, B. H. Morrow, and J. Gladwin. New York, NY: Routledge, 1997. ISBN: 0415168112.
- Part 1: Climate Instability and Public Health
- Epstein, Paul R. “Climate and Health.” Science 285, no. 5426 (1999): 347-348.
- ———. “Is Global Warming Harmful to Health?” Scientific American (August 2000): 36-43.
- Epstein, Paul R., and James J. McCarthy. “Assessing Climate Stability.” Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 86, no. 2 (2005): 1-8.
- Epstein, Paul R., Henry F. Diaz, Scott Elias, Georg Grabherr, Nicholas E. Graham, Willem J. M. Martens, Ellen Mosley-Thompson, and Joel Susskind. “Biological and Physical Signs of Climate Change: Focus on Mosquito-borne Diseases.” Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 79, no. 3 (1998): 409-417.
- Platt, Rutherford. “Introduction: Disasters Before 1950,” and Chapter 1, “Shouldering the Burden.” In Disasters and Democracy . Washington, DC: Island Press, 1999, pp. 1-42. ISBN: 1559636963.
- Walker, Peter, Ben Wisner, Jennifer Leaning, and Larry Minear. “Smoke and Mirrors: Deficiencies in Disaster Funding.” BMJ 330 (2005): 247-250.
- Slovic, P. “Risk Perception.” Science 236 (1987): 280-285.
- Kasperson, J. X., and R. E. Kasperson. “Border Crossings.” In Transboundary Risk Management . Edited by J. Linerooth-Bayer, R. E. Lofstedt, and G. Sjostedt. London, UK: Earthscan, 2001. ISBN: 1853835374.
- Lofstedt, R. E. “Risk Communication: The Barseack Nuclear Plant Case.” Energy Policy 24, no. 8 (1996): 689-696.
- Lofstedt, R. E., and V. Jankauskas. “Swedish Aid and the Ignalina Nuclear Power Plant.” In Transboundary Risk Management . Edited by J. Linerooth-Bayer, R. E. Lofstedt, and G. Sjostedt. London, UK: Earthscan, 2001. ISBN: 1853835374.
- Slovic, P. “Perceived Risk, Trust and Democracy.” Risk Analysis 13, no. 6 (1993): 675-682.
- Burton, I, and R. W. Kates. “The Perception of Natural Hazards in Resource Management.” Natural Resources Journal 3 (1964): 412-441.
- Blaikie, P., T. Cannon, I. Davis, and B. Wisner. Chapter 2, “Disaster Pressure and Release Model,” and Chapter 3, “Access to Resources and Coping in Adversity.” In At Risk: Natural Hazards, People’s Vulnerability, and Disasters . London, UK: Routledge, 1994. ISBN: 0415084776.
- Morrow, Betty Hearn. “Stretching the Bonds: The Families of Andrew.” In Hurricane Andrew: Ethnicity, Gender and the Sociology of Disasters . Edited by W. G. Peacock, B. H. Morrow, and J. Gladwin. London, UK: Routledge, 1997, pp. 14-170. ISBN: 0415168112.
- Tierney, K., M. Lindell, and R. Perry. “Factors Influencing Disaster Preparedness and Response.” Chapter 5 in Facing the Unexpected: Disaster Preparedness and Response in the United States . Washington, DC: Joseph Henry Press, 2001. ISBN: 0309069998.
- Kingdon, John W. Agendas, Alternatives, and Public Policies . New York, NY: HarperCollins Publishers, 1984, pp. 99-105. ISBN: 0673394557.
- Birkland, Thomas A. “In the Wake of the Exxon Valdez: How Environmental Disasters Can Spur Policy Change.” Environment 40, no. 7 (1998): 4-9, and 27-32.
- ———. “Focusing Events, Mobilization, and Agenda Setting.” Journal of Public Policy 18, no. 1 (1998): 53-74.
- Birkland, Thomas A., and Radhika Nath. “Business and the Political Dimension in Disaster Management.” Journal of Public Policy 20, no. 3 (2000): 279-303.
- Vale, Lawrence J., and Thomas J. Campanella. “Introduction: The Cities Rise Again.” and “Conclusion: Axioms of Resilience.” In The Resilient City: How Modern Cities Recover from Disaster . Edited by Lawrence J. Vale, and Thomas J. Campanella. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 2005. ISBN: 0195175832.
- Brunner, Ronald D. “Problems of Governance.” In Finding Common Ground: Governance and Natural Resources in the American West . Edited by Ronald D. Brunner, Christine H. Colburn, Christina M. Cromley, Roberta A. Klein, and Elizabeth A. Olson. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2002, pp. 1-47. ISBN: 0300091451.
- Reason, J. Chapter 1 in Managing the Risks of Organizational Accidents . Aldershot, UK: Ashgate, 1997, pp. 1-20. ISBN: 1840141050.
- Staw, B. M., L. E. Sandelands, and J. E. Dutton. “Threat-Rigidity Effects in Organizational Behavior: A Multilevel Analysis.” Administrative Science Quarterly 26 (1981): 501-524.
- Rudolph, J. W., Steven S. Taylor, and Erica G. Foldy. “Collaborative Off-Line Reflection: A Way to Develop Skill in Action Science and Action Inquiry.” In Handbook of Action Research . Edited by P. Reason, and H. Bradbury. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 2001, pp. 405-412. ISBN: 0761966455.
Fall 2003 · Use of Joint Fact Finding in Science Intensive Policy Disputes, Part I
Topics
- Introduction and Overview
- Discussion of Readings
- Guest Participant: P. Patrick Leahy, Assoc. Director for Geology, USGS (Invited)
- Guest Participant: Stanley Ponce, Senior Advisor for Partnerships and Business Policy, USGS (Invited)
- Natural Resource Management in Rural Eastern Oregon
- Guest Participant: Michael Mery, Chair Tomales Bay Watershed Council (Invited; TBWC Embodies the Principles and Concepts Discussed in this Theme; the Importance of a Neutral Mediator)
- Framing a Joint Fact Finding Mission Statement in a Contested Ecosystem Management Situation
- Cape Wind Controversy and Wind Energy in General
- Current Status of Wind Power in General and Off Shore Wind Power in Particular
- NIMBY (not-in-my-backyard)
- Invited Guest Participant to Present the Overview of the wind Controversy
- Invited Guest Participant to Present Pro-View of the Controversy
- Invited Guest Participant to Present the Con-View of the Controversy
- Class Presentation
Readings
- Adler, P. S., R. C. Barret, M. C. Bean, J. E. Birkhoff, C. P. Ozawa, and E. B. Rubin. Managing Scientific and Technical Information in Environmental Cases: Principles and Practices for Mediators and Facilitators. 2000, pp. 5-21.
- Kendler, H. H. “Should Scientists Remain Objective?” Science 301 (2003): 310-311.
- LEC #: 3 · TOPICS: Guest Participant: P. Patrick Leahy, Assoc. Director for Geology, USGS (Invited) · READINGS: Sarewitz, D., and R. A. Pielke. “Prediction in Science and Policy.” In Prediction: Science, Decision Making, and the Future of the Nation . Edited by D. Sarewitz, R. A. Pielke, Jr., and R. Byerly. Island Press, 2000, pp. 11-21.
- McCreary, S. “Resolving Science-intensive Public Policy Disputes-reflections on the New York Bight Initiative.” In The Consensus Building Handbook. Edited by L. Susskind, S. McKearnan, and J. Thomas-Larmer. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, Inc. 1999, pp. 829-858.
- Smith, M. E. “Chaos, Consensus and Common Sense.” The Ecologist 25, no. 2/3 (1995): 80-85.
- Jacobs, K. L., S. N. Luoma, and K. A. Taylor. “CALFED an Experiment in Science and Decision-making.” Environment 45, no. 1 (2003): 30-41.
- S. McCreary, J. Gamman, B. Brooks, L. Whitman, R. Bryson, B. Fuller, A. McInerny, and R. Glazer. “Applying a Mediated Negotiation Framework to Integrated Coastal Zone Management.” Coastal Management 29 (2001): 183-216. (Read pp. 202-209.)
- LEC #: 6 · TOPICS: Guest Participant: Stanley Ponce, Senior Advisor for Partnerships and Business Policy, USGS (Invited) · READINGS: Susskind, L. E. “The Need for a Better Balance between Science and Politics.” In Environmental Diplomacy. New York: Oxford University Press, 1994, pp. 63-78.
- Leshner, A. I. “Public Enagement with Science.” Science 299 (2003): 977.
- Karl, H. A., and C. E Turner. “Incorporating Science into Decision-making.” Science 300 (2003): 1370.
- Walker, G. B., and S. E. Daniels. “Natural Resource Policy and the Paradox of Public Involvement - Bringing Scientists and Citizens Together.” In Understanding Community-based Ecosystem Management. Edited by G. J. Gray, M. J. Enzer, and J. Kusel. New York: The Haworth Press, Inc., 2001, pp. 253-269.
- Ozawa, C., and L. E. Susskind. “Mediating Science-intensive Disputes.” Journal of Policy Analysis and Management 5, no. 1 (1985): 23-39.
- Ehrman, J. R., and B. L. Stinson. “Joint Fact Finding and the Use of Technical Experts.” In The Consensus Building Handbook. Edited by L. Susskind, S. McKearnan, and J. Thomas-Larmer. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, Inc., 1999, pp. 375-399.
- Andrews, C. J. Humble Analysis - the Practice of Joint Fact Finding. Westport, Conn.: Praeger, 2002, p. 200.
- “Joint Fact Finding,” Chapter 1, pp. 3-16
- “Lessons Learned,” Chapter 16, pp. 165-176
- “Elements of a Successful Joint Fact Finding,” Chapter 17, pp. 177-186
- Daniels, S. E., and G. B. Walker. Working through Environmental Conflict - the Collaborative Learning Approach . Westport, Conn.: Praeger, 2001, p. 299.
- Chapter 1, pp. 1-13
- Daniels, S. E. and G. B. Walker. Working through Environmental Conflict - the Collaborative Learning Approach . Westport, Conn.: Praeger, 2001, p. 299. \
- “Systems Thinking,” Chapter 6, pp. 97-106
- Cash, D. W., W. C. Clark, F. Alcock, N. M. Dickson, N. Eckley, D. H. Guston, J. Jager, and R. B. Mitchell. “Knowledge Systems for Sustainable Development.” In Proceedings of the National Academy of Science . (In press)
- Powell, K. “Open the Floodgates.” Nature 420 (2002): 356-358.
- Kusel, J., S. C. Doak, S. Carpenter, and V. E. Sturtevant. “The Role of the Public in Adaptive Ecosystem Management.” In_Sierra Neveda Ecosystem Project: Final Report to Congress_ 2. Vol. 2. Assessments and scientific basis for management options. Davis: University of California, Centers for Water and Wildlife Resources, 1996, pp. 611-624.
- Turner, C. E. “An Experience in John Day, Oregon - the Need for USGS Agenda-less Science in Collaborative Partnerships.” An Internal USGS Report. 2003.
- Mery, Michael. Notes on the Tomales Bay Watershed Council and Environmental Issues. 2003, p. 4.
- McVicker, G., and T. Bryan. Community-Based Ecosystem Stewardship. 2002, p. 4.
- NY Times Magazine article.
- Susskind, L., and P. Field. “The Mutual-Gains Approach.” In Dealing with an Angry Public. New York: The Free Press, 1996, pp. 37-59.
- LEC #: 17 · TOPICS: NIMBY (not-in-my-backyard) · READINGS: Readings on NIMBY (not-in-my-backyard).
- LEC #: 18 · TOPICS: Discussion of Readings · READINGS: Readings on the Cape Wind Controversy.
Sources
- Course catalogue ↗Historical OpenCourseWare
- MIT OpenCourseWare ↗Spring 2011
- MIT OCW calendar ↗
- MIT OCW readings ↗
- MIT OCW syllabus ↗
- MIT OCW syllabus ↗
- MIT OpenCourseWare ↗Spring 2005
- MIT OCW syllabus ↗
- MIT OCW readings ↗
- MIT OCW calendar ↗
- MIT OpenCourseWare ↗Fall 2003
- MIT OCW readings ↗
- MIT OCW calendar ↗
- MIT OCW syllabus ↗
- Historical MIT OpenCourseWare offering. Named reading entries and schedule topics are automatically extracted from the linked source pages.
- Historical MIT OpenCourseWare offering. Named reading entries and schedule topics are automatically extracted from the linked source pages.
- Historical MIT OpenCourseWare offering. Named reading entries and schedule topics are automatically extracted from the linked source pages.
- Historical MIT OpenCourseWare offering. Named reading entries and schedule topics are automatically extracted from the linked source pages.