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12.003

Introduction to Atmosphere, Ocean, and Climate Dynamics

3-0-9 units. REST · Undergraduate

Introduces the dynamical processes that govern the atmosphere, oceans, and climate. Topics include Earth's radiation budget, convection and clouds, the circulation of the atmosphere and ocean, and climate change. Illustrates underlying mechanisms through laboratory demonstrations with a rotating table, and through analysis of atmospheric and oceanic data.

Fall 2008 · Atmosphere, Ocean and Climate Dynamics

Topics

  • Introduction
  • Characteristics of the atmosphere
  • Equation of state for the dry and moist air
  • Earth’s radiation budget
  • Greenhouse effect: I
  • Greenhouse effect: II
  • Vertical structure of the atmosphere
  • Convection in water
  • Convection in water (cont.)
  • Dry convection in air
  • Potential temperature
  • Moist convection in air: I
  • Moist convection in air: II
  • Meridional structure of the atmosphere
  • Partial differential equations
  • Radial inflow experiment
  • Equations of motion for non-rotating fluids
  • Equations of motion for rotating fluids
  • Inertial motions
  • Equations of motion on a sphere
  • Geostrophic balance
  • Taylor-Proudman theorem
  • Thermal wind
  • Ekman layers
  • The general circulation of the atmosphere
  • Physical characteristics of the ocean
  • The observed ocean circulation
  • Ekman layers in the ocean
  • Ekman layers in the laboratory
  • Taylor-Proudman on the sphere
  • The wind driven ocean circulation
  • The abyssal ocean circulation
  • Turbulent mixing and the abyssal ocean circulation
  • The atmospheric and oceanic energy budget
  • The Earth’s heat budget
  • Review (cont.)

Readings

  • Marshall, John, and R. Alan Plumb. Atmosphere, Ocean, and Climate Dynamics: An Introductory Text . Boston, MA: Elsevier Academic Press, 2007. ISBN: 9780125586917.
    Listed reading
  • SES #: 1 · TOPICS: Introduction · READINGS: Introduction
    Reading assignment
  • SES #: 2 · TOPICS: Characteristics of the atmosphere · READINGS: Chapter 1
    Reading assignment
  • SES #: 3 · TOPICS: Equation of state for the dry and moist air · READINGS: Chapter 1
    Reading assignment
  • SES #: 4 · TOPICS: Earth’s radiation budget · READINGS: Chapter 2
    Reading assignment
  • SES #: 5 · TOPICS: Greenhouse effect: I · READINGS: Chapter 2
    Reading assignment
  • SES #: 6 · TOPICS: Greenhouse effect: II · READINGS: Chapter 2
    Reading assignment
  • SES #: 7 · TOPICS: Vertical structure of the atmosphere · READINGS: Chapter 3
    Reading assignment
  • SES #: 8 · TOPICS: Convection in water · READINGS: Chapter 4
    Reading assignment
  • SES #: 9 · TOPICS: Convection in water (cont.) · READINGS: Chapter 4
    Reading assignment
  • SES #: 10 · TOPICS: Convection in water (cont.) · READINGS: Chapter 4
    Reading assignment
  • SES #: 11 · TOPICS: Dry convection in air · READINGS: Chapter 4
    Reading assignment
  • SES #: 12 · TOPICS: Potential temperature · READINGS: Chapter 4
    Reading assignment
  • SES #: 13 · TOPICS: Moist convection in air: I · READINGS: Chapter 4
    Reading assignment
  • SES #: 14 · TOPICS: Moist convection in air: II · READINGS: Chapter 4
    Reading assignment
  • SES #: 15 · TOPICS: Meridional structure of the atmosphere · READINGS: Chapter 5
    Reading assignment
  • SES #: 16 · TOPICS: Partial differential equations · READINGS: Chapter 6
    Reading assignment
  • SES #: 17 · TOPICS: Radial inflow experiment · READINGS: Chapter 6
    Reading assignment
  • SES #: 18 · TOPICS: Equations of motion for non-rotating fluids · READINGS: Chapter 6
    Reading assignment
  • SES #: 19 · TOPICS: Equations of motion for rotating fluids · READINGS: Chapter 6
    Reading assignment
  • SES #: 20 · TOPICS: Inertial motions · READINGS: Chapter 6
    Reading assignment
  • SES #: 21 · TOPICS: Equations of motion on a sphere · READINGS: Chapter 6
    Reading assignment
  • SES #: 22 · TOPICS: Geostrophic balance · READINGS: Chapter 7
    Reading assignment
  • SES #: 23 · TOPICS: Taylor-Proudman theorem · READINGS: Chapter 7
    Reading assignment
  • SES #: 24 · TOPICS: Thermal wind · READINGS: Chapter 7
    Reading assignment
  • SES #: 25 · TOPICS: Ekman layers · READINGS: Chapter 7
    Reading assignment
  • SES #: 26 · TOPICS: The general circulation of the atmosphere · READINGS: Chapter 8
    Reading assignment
  • SES #: 27 · TOPICS: Physical characteristics of the ocean · READINGS: Chapter 9
    Reading assignment
  • SES #: 28 · TOPICS: The observed ocean circulation · READINGS: Chapter 9
    Reading assignment
  • SES #: 29 · TOPICS: Ekman layers in the ocean · READINGS: Chapter 10
    Reading assignment
  • SES #: 30 · TOPICS: Ekman layers in the laboratory · READINGS: Chapter 10
    Reading assignment
  • SES #: 31 · TOPICS: Taylor-Proudman on the sphere · READINGS: Chapter 10
    Reading assignment
  • SES #: 32 · TOPICS: The wind driven ocean circulation · READINGS: Chapter 10
    Reading assignment
  • SES #: 33 · TOPICS: The abyssal ocean circulation · READINGS: Chapter 11
    Reading assignment
  • SES #: 34 · TOPICS: Turbulent mixing and the abyssal ocean circulation · READINGS: Chapter 12
    Reading assignment
  • SES #: 35 · TOPICS: The atmospheric and oceanic energy budget · READINGS: Chapter 12
    Reading assignment
  • SES #: 36 · TOPICS: The Earth’s heat budget · READINGS: Chapter 12
    Reading assignment
  • Hartmann, Dennis L. Global Physical Climatology . International Geophysics Series. Vol. 56. San Diego, CA: Academic Press, 1994. ISBN: 9780123285300. This book is recommended as supplementary reading. It should prove useful for both atmospheric and oceanic sections of the course, especially chapters 1-7 of the book, which cover most of the material we will be covering (though in some cases it treats the material differently, and at different depth).
    Listed reading
  • Houghton, John Theodore. The Physics of Atmospheres . Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1977. ISBN: 9780521214438. For the atmosphere, detailed treatment of radiation, and simple and intelligible treatment of dynamics.
    Listed reading
  • Wallace, John M., and Peter Victor Hobbs. Atmospheric Science: An Introductory Survey . New York, NY: Academic Press, 1977. ISBN: 9780127329505. Good qualitative discussion of many of the topics we will cover in atmospheric science.
    Listed reading
  • Pickard, George L., and William J. Emery. Descriptive Physical Oceanography An Introduction . Oxford, UK: Pergamon Press, 1982. ISBN: 9780080262802. One of the few not-too-technical texts on physical oceanography.
    Listed reading

Prerequisites & course information

Prereq: Physics I (GIR) ; Coreq: Calculus II (GIR) U (Spring) 3-0-9 units. REST

Sources