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12.490

Advanced Igneous Petrology

Graduate · Historical course

Fall 2005

Topics

  • Rock-forming Minerals: Olivine and Spinel
  • Rock-forming Minerals: Pyroxenes
  • Rock-forming Minerals: Pyriboles
  • Rock-forming Minerals: Feldspars
  • Classification, Chemical Variations and Graphical Representations
  • Fractional Crystallizationa and Magma Mixing in Mid Ocean Ridge Basalts (MORB)
  • Compositional Systematics in MORB and Mantle Melting
  • MORB Mantle Melts - Phase Equilibrium Controls on Liquid Compositions
  • MORB Mantle Melts - Phase Equilibrium Controls on Solid Compositions
  • Undersaturated Magmas High K Continental
  • Kimberlites and Carbonatites, Untramafic Magmas, Komatiites
  • Magma Mixing and Crustal Assimilation
  • Mafic Systems
  • Wet vs. Dry Fractional Crystallization
  • The Significance of Igneous Rock Series
  • Hydrous Differentiation - The Role of Amphibole
  • Hydrous Mantle Melting - Phase Equilibrium Controls on Liquid Compositions
  • Felsic Magmas - Granites Phase Relations
  • Large Silicic Magmatic Systems
  • Hawaii and Iceland
  • CFBs (Continental Flood Basalts) - Compositional Diversity of Flood Basalt Magmas
  • CFBs - Phase Equilibrium Controls on their Mantle Sources
  • Bushveld, Stillwater, Skaergaard
  • Anorthosites
  • Lunar Highland and Maria
  • Howardites, Eucrites and Diogenites

Readings

  • Carmichael, I. S. E., F. J. Turner, and J. Verhoogen. Igneous Petrology . New York, NY: McGraw-Hill, 1974. ISBN: 9780070099876.
    Listed reading
  • McBirney, A. R. Igneous Petrology . San Francisco, CA: Freeman, Cooper and Co., 1985. ISBN: 9780877353232.
    Listed reading
  • Wilson, M. Igneous Petrogenesis . Boston, MA: Unwin Hyman, 1989. ISBN: 9780045520251.
    Listed reading
  • Hall, A. Igneous Petrology . 2nd ed. Reading, MA: Addison Wesley Publishing Company; 2nd edition, 1996. ISBN: 9780582230804.
    Listed reading
  • Bowen, N. R. The Evolution of the Igneous Rocks . Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1928.
    Listed reading
  • Daly, R. A. Igneous Rocks and the Depths of the Earth . New York, NY: McGraw-Hill, 1933.
    Listed reading
  • Carmichael, I. S. E., F. J. Turner, and J. Verhoogen. Igneous Petrology . New York, NY: McGraw-Hill, 1974, chapter 2. ISBN: 9780070099876.
    Listed reading
  • Thompson, J. B., Jr. “Mineral. Soc. Amer.” Reviews in Mineralogy 10 (1982): chapter 1.
    Listed reading
  • Irvine, and Baragar. “A guide to the chemical classification of the common volcanic rocks.” Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 8 (1971): 523-548.
    Listed reading
  • LeMaitre, R. W., ed. A Classification of Igneous Rocks and Glossary of Terms . Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2005. ISBN: 9780521619486.
    Listed reading
  • Bowen, N. R. The Evolution of the Igneous Rocks . Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1928, pp. 3-6, 20-21, and 321-322.
    Listed reading
  • Hess. “Phase Equilibria Constraints on the Origin of Ocean Floor Basalts.” In Mantle Flow and Melt Generation at Mid-Ocean Ridges . Edited by Phipps Morgan, et al. Washington, DC: American Geophysical Union, 1993, pp. 68-79. ISBN: 9780875900353.
    Listed reading
  • Walker, D., and S. E. Delong. “Soret separation of mid-ocean ridge basalt magma.” Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 79 (1979): 231-240.
    Listed reading
  • Grove, et al. “Fractionation of Mid-Ocean Ridge Basalt (MORB).” In Mantle Flow and Melt Generation at Mid-Ocean Ridges . Edited by Phipps Morgan, et al. Washington, DC: American Geophysical Union, 1993, pp. 288-298. ISBN: 9780875900353.
    Listed reading
  • Biggar, and Humphries. “The Plagioclase, Forsterite, Diopside, Liquid Equilibrium in the System CaO-Na2O-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2.” Mineral Mag 44 (1981): 309-314.
    Listed reading
  • Ehlers. The Interpretation of Geological Phase Diagrams . New York, NY: W.H. Freeman and Co., 1972, chapter 3. ISBN: 9780716702542.
    Listed reading
  • Morse. Basalts and Phase Diagrams . New York, NY: Springer, 1980, chapter 12. ISBN: 9780387904771.
    Listed reading
  • O’Hara. “Are Ocean Floor Basalts Primary Magma?” Nature 220 (1968): 683-686.
    Listed reading
  • Presnall, et al. “Generation of mid-ocean ridge tholeiites.” J Petrol 20 (1979): 1-35.
    Listed reading
  • Stolper. “A phase diagram for mid-ocean ridge basalts: Preliminary results and implications for petrogenesis.” Contrib Mineral Petrol 74 (1980): 13-27.
    Listed reading
  • Klein, and Langmuir. “Global Correlations of Ocean ridge basalt chemistry, axial depth, crustal thickness.” J Geophys Res 92 (1987): 8089-8115.
    Listed reading
  • ———. “Local versus global variations in ocean ridge basalt composition: A reply.” J Geophys Res 94 (1989): 4241-4252.
    Listed reading
  • Kinzler, and Grove. “Primary Magmas of Mid-Ocean Ridge Basalts.” J Geophys Res 97 (1992): 6885-6906, 6907-6926.
    Listed reading
  • Baker, et al. “Compositions of near-solidus peridotite melts from experiments and thermodynamic calculations.” Nature 375 (1995): 308-311.
    Listed reading
  • Kinzler. “Melting of mantle peridotite at pressures approaching the spinel to garnet transition: Application to mid-ocean ridge basalt petrogenesis.” J Geophys Res 102 (1997): 853-874.
    Listed reading
  • Carmichael, I. S. E., F. J. Turner, and J. Verhoogen. Igneous Petrology . New York, NY: McGraw-Hill, 1974, chapter 10, pp. 378-395, 406-426. ISBN: 9780070099876.
    Listed reading
  • Wilson, M. Igneous Petrogenesis . Boston, MA: Unwin Hyman, 1989, chapters 9, 10, 11, and 12, pp. 243-416. ISBN: 9780045520251.
    Listed reading
  • Fitton, and Upton, eds. Alkaline Igneous Rocks . Geol. Soc. Spec. Pub., no. 30. Articles by: D. K. Bailey, A. D. Edgar, M. J. Le Bas, and D. A. Clague. Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishers, 1987, pp. 1-14, 29-52, 54-84, and 227-252. ISBN: 9780632016167.
    Listed reading
  • Eggins, S. M. “Petrogenesis of Hawaiian tholeiites.” Contrib Mineral Petrol 110 (1992): 387-397.
    Listed reading
  • Wagner, and Grove. “Melt/harzburgite reaction in the petrogenesis of tholeiitic magma from Kilauea volcano, Hawaii.” Contrib Mineral Petrol 131 (1998): 1-12.
    Listed reading
  • Wilson, M. Igneous Petrogenesis . Boston, MA: Unwin Hyman, 1989, chapter 10. ISBN: 9780045520251. (Read for background)
    Listed reading
  • Turner, Simon, Chris Hawkesworth. “The nature of the sub-continental mantle: constraints from the major-element composition of continental flood basalts.” Chemical Geology 120, no. 3-4 (1995): 295-314.
    Listed reading
  • Abbott, and Isley. “Extraterrestrial influences on mantle plume activity.” Earth and Planetary Science Letters 205 (2002): 53-62.
    Listed reading
  • Bowen, N. R. The Evolution of the Igneous Rocks . Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1928, chapter 10, pp. 175-185, 220-223.
    Listed reading
  • For a contemporary view see: DePaolo. “Trace element and isotopic effects of combined wallrock assimilation and fractional crystallization.” Earth and Planetary Science Letters 53 (1981): 189-202.
    Listed reading
  • Bowen, N. R. “Magma mixing.” In The Evolution of the Igneous Rocks . Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1928, pp. 3-4.
    Listed reading
  • Stolper, and Walker. “Melt density and the average composition of basalt.” Contrib Mineral Petrol 74 (1980): 7-12.
    Listed reading
  • Cox, K. G. “A model for flood basalt volcanism.” J Petrology 21 (1980): 629-650.
    Listed reading
  • Fedorenko, V., and G. Czamanske. “Results of New Field and Geochemical Studies of the Volcanic and Intrusive Rocks of the Maymecha-Kotuy Area, Siberian Flood-Basalt Province, Russia.” Inter Geol Rev (1997): 479-531.
    Listed reading
  • Gibson, S. A., et al. “High-Ti and low-Ti mafic potassic magmas: Key to plume-lithosphere interactions and continental flood-basalt genesis.” J Petrology 36 (1995): 189-229.
    Listed reading
  • Coffin, M. F., and O. Eldholm. “Large igneous provinces: crustal structure, dimensions, and external consequences.” Rev Geophys 32 (1994): 1-36.
    Listed reading
  • Kogiso, T., K. Hirose, and E. Takahashi. “Melting experiments on homogeneous mixtures of peridotite and basalt: application to the genesis of ocean island basalts.” Earth and Planetary Science Letters 162, no. 1-4 (1998): 45-61.
    Listed reading
  • Gill, Jim. “What is ‘Typical calc - alkaline andesite?’” In Orogenic Andesites and Plate Tectonics . New York, NY: Springer-Verlag, 1981, chapter 1, pp. 1-12. ISBN: 9780387106663.
    Listed reading
  • Sisson, and Grove. “Experimental investigations of the role of H20 in calc-alkaline differentiation and subduction zone magmatism.” Contrib Mineral Petrol 113 (1993): 143-166.
    Listed reading
  • Gill, Jim. “What is ‘Typical calc - alkaline andesite?’” In Orogenic Andesites and Plate Tectonics . New York, NY: Springer-Verlag, 1981, pp. 298-304. ISBN: 9780387106663.
    Listed reading
  • Falloon, and Danyushevsky. “Melting of Refractory Mantle at 175, 2 and 275 GPa under Anhydrous and H2O-undersaturated Conditions: Implications for the Petrogenesis of High-Ca Boninites and the Influence of Subduction Components on Mantle Melting.” J Petrol 41 (2000): 257-283.
    Listed reading
  • Tamura, et al. “Hot fingers in the mantle wedge: new insights into magma genesis in subduction zones.” Earth Planet Sci Lett 197 (2002): 105-116.
    Listed reading
  • Carmichael. “The andesite aqueduct: perspectives on the evolution of intermediate magmatism in west-central (105-99°W) Mexico.” Contrib Mineral Petrol 143 (2002): 641-663.
    Listed reading
  • Yogodzinski, et al. “Magnesian andesite in the western Aleutian Komandorsky region; implications for slab melting and processes in the mantle wedge.” Geol Soc Amer Bull 107 (1995): 505-519.
    Listed reading
  • Sisson, and Bronto. “Evidence for pressure-release melting beneath magmatic arcs from basalt at Galunggung, Indonesia.” Nature 391 (1998): 883-886.
    Listed reading
  • Carmichael, I. S. E., F. J. Turner, and J. Verhoogen. Igneous Petrology . New York, NY: McGraw-Hill, 1974, pp. 461-483. ISBN: 9780070099876.
    Listed reading
  • Mathez, E. A. “Magmatic metasomatism and formation of the Merensky Reef, Bushveld Complex.” Contrib Mineral Petrol 119 (1995): 277-286.
    Listed reading
  • Campbell. “A model for the origin of the platinum-rich sulfide horizons in the Bushveld and Stillwater Complexes.” J Petrol 24 (1983): 133-165.
    Listed reading
  • Irvine, et al. “The J-M platinum-palladium reef of the Stillwater Complex, Montana; II, Origin by double-diffusive convective magma mixing and implications for the Bushveld Complex.” Econ Geol 78 (1983): 1287-1334.
    Listed reading
  • Meyer, Charles. The Lunar Petrographic Thin Section Set . Houston, TX: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, 1987. ASIN: B000739GCI.
    Listed reading
  • Solomon, and Longhi. Magma Oceanography. I - Thermal Evolution . Vol. 1. 8th Lunar Science Conference, Proceedings. Houston, TX; New York, NY: Pergamon Press, Inc., March 14-18, 1977, pp. 583-599. A78-41551 18-91.
    Listed reading
  • Ringwood, and Kesson. Composition and Origin of the Moon . Vol. 1. 8th Lunar Science Conference, Proceedings. Houston, TX; New York, NY: Pergamon Press, Inc., March 14-18, 1977, pp. 371-398. A78-41551 18-91.
    Listed reading
  • Longhi. Effects of Fractional Crystallization and Cumulus Processes on Mineral Composition Trends of some Lunar and Terrestrial Rock Series . Part 1. 13th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference, Proceedings. Houston, TX; Washington, DC: American Geophysical Union, March 15-19, 1982, pp. A54-A64. A83-15326 04-91.
    Listed reading
  • Papike, J. J., G. Ryder, and C. K. Shearer. “Lunar Samples.” Planetary Materials 36 (1998): Rev in Mineralogy, 1-28, chapter 1.
    Listed reading
  • Stolper. “Experimental petrology of eucritic meteorites.” Geochim Cosmochim Acta 41 (1977): 587-611.
    Listed reading
  • McSween. “What we have learned about Mars from SNC meteorites.” Meteoritics 29 (1994): 757-779.
    Listed reading
  • ———. Meteorites and Their Parent Planets . Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1999, pp. 1-36. ISBN: 9780521587518.
    Listed reading
  • Cohen, et al. “Evaporation in the young solar nebula as the origin of ‘just-right’ melting of chondrules.” Nature 406 (2000): 600-602.
    Listed reading
  • Krot, et al. “A New Astrophysical Setting for Chondrule Formation.” Science 291 (2001): 1776-1779.
    Listed reading
  • Basaltic Volcanism on the Terrestrial Planets . Elsevier, 1981. ISBN: 9780080280868.
    Listed reading
  • Morse. Basalts and Phase Diagrams: An Introduction to the Quantitative use of Phase Diagrams in Igneous Petrology . New York, NY: Springer-Verlag, 1980. ISBN: 9780387904771.
    Listed reading
  • Wager, and Brown. Layered Igneous Rocks . San Francisco, CA: W.H. Freeman, 1967.ISBN: 9780716702368.
    Listed reading
  • Tuttle, and Bowen. Origin of Granite in the Light of Experimental Studies in the System NaAlSi3O8-KAlSi3O8-SiO2-H2O . Baltimore, MA: Waverly Press, 1958.
    Listed reading
  • Hess, and Poldevaart. Basalts: The Poldervaart Treatise on Rocks of Basaltic Composition . Vol. 1, 2. New York, NY: Interscience Publishers, 1967.
    Listed reading
  • Crawford. Boninites and Related Rocks . New York, NY: Springer, 1989. ISBN: 9780044450030.
    Listed reading
  • Arndt, N. T., and E. G. Nisbet. Komatiites . Boston, MA; Sydney, Australia: George Allen and Unwin, 1982, p. 526. ISBN: 9780045520190.
    Listed reading
  • Ashwal, Lewis D. Anorthosites . New York, NY: Springer-Verlag, 1993. ISBN: 9780387553610.
    Listed reading
  • Mason, Brian. Meteorites . New York, NY: Wiley, 1962.
    Listed reading
  • Taylor, Stuart Ross. Lunar Science, A Post-Apollo View . Elsevier, 1975. ISBN: 9780080182742.
    Listed reading
  • Morgan, Phipps, et al. Mantle Flow and Melt Generation at mid-Ocean Ridges . AGU Monograph 71, Washington, DC: American Geophysical Union, 1992.
    Listed reading
  • Nixon. Mantle Xenoliths . New York, NY: John Wiley and Sons, 1987. ISBN: 9780471912095.
    Listed reading
  • Tilley, Nockolds, and Black. Harker’s Petrology for Students . Cambridge, MA: Cambridge University Press, 1954. ISBN: 9780521052115.
    Listed reading
  • Williams, Turner, and Gilbert. Petrography, An Introduction to the Study of Rocks in Thin Section . 2nd ed. New York, NY: W.H. Freeman and Company, 1982. ISBN: 9780716713760.
    Listed reading
Sources