Industrial Organization I

Readings

• Tirole, Jean. The Theory of Industrial Organization . Cambridge: MIT Press, 1988. ISBN: 9780262200714 ↗
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• [JT] Tirole, Jean. The Theory of Industrial Organization . MIT Press, 1988. ISBN: 9780262200714 ↗
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• [JT], Chapter 1 (including supplementary section).
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• Chevalier, J., Kashyap, A., and Rossi, P. “Why Don’t Prices Rise During Periods of Peak Demand? Evidence from Scanner Data.” American Economic Review 93 (2003): 15–37.
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• Spence, A. M. “Monopoly, Quality, and Regulation.” Bell Journal of Economics 6 (1975): 417–429.
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• Gul, F., Sonnenschein, H., and Wilson, R. “Foundations of Dynamic Monopoly and the Coase Conjecture.” Journal of Economic Theory 39 (1986): 155–190.
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• Fuchs, W., and Skrzypacz, A. “Bargaining with Arrival of New Traders.” American Economic Review 100 (2010): 802–836.
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• Board, Simon, and Marek Pycia. “Outside Options and the Failure of the Coase Conjecture.” American Economic Review 104 (2014): 656–671.
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• Tirole, Jean. “Sequential Screening with Positive Selection.” Econometrica 84 (2016): 1291–1343.
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• Chevalier, J., and Goolsbee, A. “Are Durable Goods Consumers Forward Looking? Evidence from College Textbooks.” Quarterly Journal of Economics 124 (2009): 1853–1884.
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• Gentzkow, M., and Shapiro, J. M. “What Drives Media Slant? Evidence from Daily Newspapers.” Econometrica 78 (2010): 35–71.
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• Calzolari, G., and Pavan, A. “Monopoly with Resale.” RAND Journal of Economics 37 (2006): 362–375.
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• Segal, I. “Optimal Pricing Mechanisms with Unknown Demand.” American Economic Review 93 (2003): 509–529.
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• Shapiro, C. “Optimal Pricing of Experience Goods.” Bell Journal of Economics 14 (1983): 497–507.
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• Bergemann, D., and Valimaki, J. “Dynamic Pricing of New Experience Goods.” Journal of Political Economy 114 (2006): 713–743.
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• Roesler, A., and Szentes, B. “Buyer-Optimal Learning and Monopoly Pricing.” American Economic Review 107 (2017): 2072–2080.
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• Bergemann, Dirk, and Stephen Morris. “Information Design.” Journal of Economic Literature 57 (2019): 44–95.
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• Armstrong, M. “Recent Developments in the Economics of Price Discrimination.” In Advances in Economics and Econometrics: Theory and Applications, Ninth World Congress, vol. 2, edited by R. Blundell, W. Newey, and T. Persson, 1–32. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006.
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• Varian, H. “Price Discrimination.” Chapter 10 in Handbook of Industrial Organization , vol. 1, edited by R. Schmalensee and R. Willig, 593–654. New York: Elsevier, 1989.
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• Deneckere, R., and R. P. McAfee. “Damaged Goods.” Journal of Economics and Management Strategy 5 (1996): 149–174.
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• McAfee, R. P., J. McMillan, and M. Whinston. “Multiproduct Monopoly, Commodity Bundling, and Correlation of Values.” Quarterly Journal of Economics 104 (1989): 371–383.
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• Aguirre, I., S. Cowan, and J. Vickers. “Multiproduct Price Discrimination and Demand Curvature.” American Economic Review 100 (2010): 1601–1615.
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• Sibley, D., and P. Srinagesh. “Multiproduct Nonlinear Pricing with Multiple Taste Characteristics.” RAND Journal of Economics 28 (1997): 684–707.
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• Rochet, J.-C., and L. Stole. “Pricing with Random Participation.” Review of Economic Studies 69 (2002): 277–311.
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• Fudenberg, D., and J. M. Villas-Boas. “Behavior-Based Price Discrimination and Customer Recognition.” In Handbook on Economics and Information Systems , edited by T. J. Henderschott, 305–328. Elsevier, 2006.
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• Fudenberg, D., and J. Tirole. “Upgrades, Trade-ins, and Buybacks.” RAND Journal of Economics 29 (1998): 235–258.
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• Courty, P., and H. Li. “Sequential Screening.” Review of Economic Studies 67 (2000): 697–717.
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• Shepard, A. “Price Discrimination and Retail Configuration.” Journal of Political Economy 99 (1991): 30–53.
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• Graddy, K. “Testing for Imperfect Competition at the Fulton Fish Market.” RAND Journal of Economics 26 (1995): 75–91.
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• Scott Morton, F., F. Zettelmeyer, and J. Silva-Risso. “Consumer Information and Price Discrimination: Does the Internet Affect the Pricing of New Cars to Women and Minorities?” Quantitative Marketing and Economics 1 (2003): 65–92.
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• Leslie, P. “Price Discrimination in Broadway Theater.” RAND Journal of Economics 35 (2004): 520–541.
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• Shiller, B. “Approximating Purchase Propensities and Reservation Prices from Broad Consumer Tracking.” International Economic Review 61 (2020): 847–870.
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• Dube, Jean-Pierre, and Sanjog Misra. “Personalized Pricing and Consumer Welfare.” Journal of Political Economy . Forthcoming, 2022.
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• Kehoe, Patrick, Bradley Larsen, and Elena Pastorino. “Dynamic Competition in the Era of Big Data.” Hoover Institution Economics Working Paper 22102 (2022).
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• McManus, Brian. “Nonlinear Pricing in an Oligopoly Market: The Case of Specialty Coffee.” RAND Journal of Economics 38 (2007): 512–532.
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• Luo, Yao, Isabelle Perrigne, and Quang Vuong. “Structural Analysis of Nonlinear Pricing.” Journal of Political Economy 126 (2018): 1341–1376.
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• Chu, S., P. Leslie, and A. Sorensen. “Bundle Size Pricing as an Approximation to Mixed Bundling.” American Economic Review 101 (2011): 263–303.
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• Sweeting, Andrew. “Price Dynamics in Perishable Goods Markets: The Case of Secondary Markets for Major League Baseball Tickets.” Journal of Political Economy 120 (2012): 1133–1172.
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• Bergemann, Dirk, Benjamin Brooks, and Stephen Morris. “The Limits of Price Discrimination.” American Economic Review 105 (2015): 921–957.
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• Hidir, Sinem, and Nikhil Vellodi. “Privacy, Personalization, and Price Discrimination.” Journal of the European Economic Association 19 (2021): 1342–1363.
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• [JT], Section 2.1 and Chapter 5.
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• Vives, X. Oligopoly Pricing: Old Ideas and New Tools . Cambridge: MIT Press, 1999.
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• Perloff, J., and S. Salop. “Equilibrium with Product Differentiation.” Review of Economic Studies 52 (1983): 107–120.
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• Shaked, A., and J. Sutton. “Relaxing Price Competition through Product Differentiation.” Review of Economic Studies 49 (1982): 3–14.
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• Weyl, E.G., and M. Fabinger. “Pass-Through as an Economic Tool: Principles of Incidence Under Imperfect Competition.” Journal of Political Economy 121 (2013): 528–583.
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• Nocke, V., and N. Schutz. “Multiproduct-Firm Oligopoly: An Aggregative Games Approach.” Econometrica 86 (2018): 523–557.
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• Klemperer, P., and M. Meyer. “Supply Function Equilibria in Oligopoly Under Uncertainty.” Econometrica 57 (1989): 1243–1278.
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• Bresnahan, T. “Competition and Collusion in the American Automobile Industry: The 1955 Price War.” Journal of Industrial Economics 35 (1987): 457–482.
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• Miller, Nathan, and Matthew Weinberg. “Understanding the Price Effects of the MillerCoors Joint Venture.” Econometrica 85 (2017): 1763–1791.
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• Dube, Jean-Pierre, Gunther Hitsch, and Peter Rossi. “Do Switching Costs Make Markets Less Competitive?” Journal of Marketing Research 46 (2009): 435–445.
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• Klemperer, P. “The Competitiveness of Markets with Switching Costs.” RAND Journal of Economics 18 (1987): 138–150.
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• Handel, B. “Adverse Selection and Inertia in Health Insurance Markets: When Nudging Hurts.” American Economic Review 103 (2013): 2643–2682.
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• Bergemann, D., and J. Valimaki. “Learning and Strategic Pricing.” Econometrica 64 (1996): 1125–1149.
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• Stole, L. “Price Discrimination in Competitive Environments.” In Handbook of Industrial Organization , vol. 3, edited by M. Armstrong and R. Porter, 1237–1291. Elsevier, 2007.
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• Holmes, T. “The Effects of Third-Degree Discrimination in Oligopoly.” American Economic Review 79 (1989): 244–250.
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• Ellison, G. “A Model of Add-on Pricing.” Quarterly Journal of Economics 120 (2005): 585–637.
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• Corts, K. “Third Degree Price Discrimination in Oligopoly: All-Out Competition and Strategic Commitment.” RAND Journal of Economics 29 (1998): 306–323.
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• Fudenberg, D., and J. Tirole. “Customer Poaching and Brand Switching.” RAND Journal of Economics 31 (2000): 634–657.
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• Armstrong, M., and J. Vickers. “Competitive Nonlinear Pricing and Bundling.” Review of Economic Studies 77 (2010): 30–60.
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• Martimort, D., and L. Stole. “Market Participation in Delegated and Intrinsic Common-Agency Games.” RAND Journal of Economics 40 (2009): 78–102.
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• Zhou, Jidong. “Competitive Bundling.” Econometrica 85 (2017): 142–172.
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• Adams, B., and K. Williams. “Zone Pricing in Retail Oligopoly.” American Economic Journal: Microeconomics 11 (2019): 124–156.
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• Borenstein, S., and N. Rose. “Competition and Price Dispersion in the U.S. Airline Industry.” Journal of Political Economy 102 (1994): 653–683.
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• Busse, M., and M. Rysman. “Competition and Price Discrimination in Yellow Pages Advertising.” RAND Journal of Economics 36 (2005): 378–390.
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• Anderson, S. P., André De Palma, and Jacques-François Thisse. Discrete Choice Theory of Product Differentiation . MIT Press, 1992.
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• Bajari, Patrick, and C. Lanier Benkard. “Demand Estimation with Heterogeneous Consumers and Unobserved Product Characteristics: A Hedonic Approach.” Journal of Political Economy 113 (2005): 1239–1276.
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• Bresnahan, Timothy F. “The Oligopoly Solution Concept Is Identified.” Economics Letters 10 (1982): 87–92.
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• Lau, Lawrence J. “On Identifying the Degree of Competitiveness from Industry Price and Output Data.” Economics Letters 10 (1982): 93–99.
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• Bresnahan, Timothy F. “Empirical Studies of Industries with Market Power.” In Handbook of Industrial Organization , vol. 2, edited by Richard Schmalensee and Robert D. Willig, 101–195. Elsevier, 1989.
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• Deaton, Angus, and John Muellbauer. “An Almost Ideal Demand System.” The American Economic Review 70 (1980): 312–326.
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• Ellison, Sara Fisher, Iain Cockburn, Zvi Griliches, and Jerry Hausman. “Characteristics of Demand for Pharmaceutical Products: An Examination of Four Cephalosporins.” RAND Journal of Economics 28 (1997): 426–446.]
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• Chaudhuri, Shubha, Pradeep K. Goldberg, and Patrick Jia. “Estimating the Effects of Global Patent Protection in Pharmaceuticals: A Case Study of Quinolones in India.” American Economic Review 96 (2006): 1477–1514.
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• Berry, Steven T., James Levinsohn, and Ariel Pakes. “Automobile Prices in Market Equilibrium.” Econometrica 63 (1995): 841–890.
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• Berry, Steven T., and Philip A. Haile. “Foundations of Demand Estimation.” In Handbook of Industrial Organization , vol. 2, no. 1, 1–62. Elsevier, 2021.
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• Berry, Steven T., James Levinsohn, and Ariel Pakes. “Differentiated Products Demand Systems from a Combination of Micro and Macro Data: The New Car Market.” Journal of Political Economy 112 (2004): 68–105.
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• Chan, T. Y. “Estimating a Continuous Hedonic-Choice Model with an Application to Demand for Soft Drinks.” RAND Journal of Economics 37 (2006): 466–482.
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• Conlon, Christopher, and Jeff Gortmaker. “Best Practices for Differentiated Products Demand Estimation with PyBLP.” RAND Journal of Economics 51, no. 4 (2020): 1108–1161.
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• Gentzkow, Matthew A. “Valuing New Goods in a Model with Complementarity: Online Newspapers.” American Economic Review 97 (2007): 713–744.
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• Gandhi, Amit, and Aviv Nevo. “Empirical Models of Demand and Supply in Differentiated Products Industries.” In Handbook of Industrial Organization , vol. 4, no. 1, 63–139. Elsevier, 2021.
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• Nevo, Aviv. “Measuring Market Power in the Ready-to-Eat Cereal Industry.” Econometrica 69 (2001): 307–342.
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• Nevo, Aviv. “A Practitioner’s Guide to Estimation of Random-Coefficients Logit Models of Demand.” Journal of Economics & Management Strategy 9 (2000): 513–548.
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• Petrin, Amil. “Quantifying the Benefits of New Products: The Case of the Minivan.” Journal of Political Economy 110 (2002): 705–729.
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• Train, Kenneth E. Discrete Choice Methods with Simulation . Cambridge University Press, 2009.
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• Varian, H. “A Model of Sales.” American Economic Review 70 (1980): 651–658.
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• Stahl, D. “Oligopolistic Pricing with Heterogeneous Consumer Search.” International Journal of Industrial Organization 14 (1996): 243–268.
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• Wolinsky, Asher. “Product Differentiation with Imperfect Information.” Review of Economic Studies 51 (1984): 53–61.
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• Anderson, Simon, and Regis Renault. “Pricing, Product Diversity and Search Costs: A Bertrand-Chamberlin-Diamond Model.” RAND Journal of Economics 30, no. 4 (1999): 719–735.
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• Bar-Isaac, Heski, Guillermo Caruana, and Vicente Cuñat. “Search Design and Market Structure.” American Economic Review 102 (2012): 1140–1160.
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• McAfee, R. P. “Multiproduct Equilibrium Price Dispersion.” Journal of Economic Theory 67, no. 1 (1995): 83–105.
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• Zhou, Jidong. “Multiproduct Search and the Joint Search Effect.” American Economic Review 104, no. 9 (2014): 2918–2939.
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• Rhodes, Andrew. “Multiproduct Retailing.” Review of Economic Studies 82 (2015): 360–390.
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• Armstrong, Mark, and Jidong Zhou. “Search Deterrence.” Review of Economic Studies 83 (2016): 26–57.
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• Baye, Michael, and John Morgan. “Information Gatekeepers on the Internet and the Competitiveness of Homogeneous Product Markets.” American Economic Review 91, no. 3 (2001): 454–474.
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• Sorensen, Alan. “Equilibrium Price Dispersion in Retail Markets for Prescription Drugs.” Journal of Political Economy 108 (2000): 833–850.
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• Stango, Victor, and Jonathan Zinman. “Borrowing High versus Borrowing Higher: Price Dispersion and Shopping Behavior in the U.S. Credit Card Market.” Review of Financial Studies 29 (2016): 979–1006.
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• Sorensen, Alan. “Price Dispersion and Heterogeneous Consumer Search for Retail Prescription Drugs.” NBER Working Paper 8548 (2001).
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• Ellison, Glenn, and Sara Fisher Ellison. “Search, Obfuscation, and Price Elasticities on the Internet.” Econometrica 77, no. 2 (2009): 427–452.
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• Ellison, Glenn, and Alexander Wolitzky. “A Search Cost Model of Obfuscation.” RAND Journal of Economics 43, no. 3 (2012): 417–441.
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• Wilson, Chris. “Ordered Search and Equilibrium Obfuscation.” International Journal of Industrial Organization 28 (2010): 496–506.
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• Genesove, David. “Search and Wholesale Auto Auctions.” Quarterly Journal of Economics 110 (1995): 23–49.
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• Hong, Han, and Matthew Shum. “Using Price Distributions to Estimate Search Costs.” RAND Journal of Economics 37, no. 2 (2006): 257–275.
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• Hortacsu, Ali, and Chad Syverson. “Product Differentiation, Search Costs, and Competition in the Mutual Fund Industry: A Case Study of the S&P 500 Index Funds.” Quarterly Journal of Economics 119 (2004): 403–456.
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• Kim, Jun, Paulo Albuquerque, and Bart Bronnenberg. “Online Demand Under Limited Consumer Search.” Marketing Science 29 (2010): 1001–1023.
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• Hortacsu, Ali, Babur De Los Santos, and Matthijs Wildenbeest. “Testing Models of Consumer Search Using Data on Web Browsing and Purchasing Behavior.” American Economic Review 102 (2012): 2955–2980.
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• Allen, Jason, Robert Clark, and Jean-Francois Houde. “The Effect of Mergers in Search Markets: Evidence from the Canadian Mortgage Industry.” American Economic Review 104 (2013): 3365–3396.
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• Salz, Tobias. “Intermediation and Competition in Search Markets.” Journal of Political Economy 130, no. 2 (2022): 310–345.
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• Honka, Elisabeth. “Quantifying Search and Switching Costs in the US Auto Insurance Industry.” RAND Journal of Economics 45 (2014): 847–884.
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• Moraga Gonzalez, Jose Luis, Zsolt Sandor, and Matthijs Wildenbeest. “Consumer Search and Prices in the Automobile Market.” Review of Economic Studies (forthcoming, 2022).
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• Galenianos, Manolis, and Alessandro Gavazza. “Regulatory Intervention in Consumer Financial Markets: The Case of Credit Cards.” Journal of the European Economic Association (forthcoming, 2022).
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• Dinerstein, Michael, Liran Einav, Jonathan Levin, and Neel Sundaresan. “Consumer Price Search and Platform Design in Internet Commerce.” American Economic Review 108 (2018): 1820–1859.
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• Coey, Dominic, Bradley Larsen, and Brennan Platt. “Discounts and Deadlines in Consumer Search.” American Economic Review 110 (2020): 3748–3785.
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• Farrell, J., and G. Saloner. “Standardization, Compatibility, and Innovation.” Rand Journal of Economics 16 (1985): 70–83.
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• Katz, M., and C. Shapiro. “Technology Adoption in the Presence of Network Externalities.” Journal of Political Economy 94 (1986): 822–841.
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• Choi, Jay Pil, Doh Shin Jeon, and Byung Cheol Kim. “Privacy and Personal Data Collection with Information Externalities.” Journal of Public Economics 173 (2019): 113–124.
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• Acemoglu, Daron, Ali Makhdoumi, Azarkhsh Malekian, and Asu Ozdaglar. “Too Much Data: Prices and Inefficiencies in Data Markets.” Working paper (2019).
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• Innes, Robert, and Richard Sexton. “Customer Coalitions, Monopoly Price Discrimination and Generic Entry Deterrence.” European Economic Review 37 (1993): 1569–1597.
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• Pesendorfer, Wolfgang. “Design Innovation and Fashion Cycles.” American Economic Review 85 (1995): 771–792.
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• Fudenberg, Drew, and Jean Tirole. “Pricing Under the Threat of Entry by the Sole Supplier of a Network Good.” Journal of Industrial Economics 48 (2000): 373–390.
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• Ellison, G., and Drew Fudenberg. “The Neo-Luddite’s Lament: Excessive Upgrades in the Software Industry.” Rand Journal of Economics 31 (Summer 2000): 253–272.
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• Rochet, Jean-Charles, and Jean Tirole. “Platform Competition in Two-Sided Markets.” Journal of the European Economic Association 1 (2003): 990–1029.
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• Tirole, Jean. “Competition and Industrial Challenge for the Digital Age.” Working paper (2020).
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• Armstrong, Mark. “Competition in Two-Sided Markets.” Rand Journal of Economics 37 (2006): 668–691.
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• Rochet, Jean-Charles, and Jean Tirole. “Two-Sided Markets: A Progress Report.” Rand Journal of Economics 37 (Autumn 2006): 645–667.
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• Lerner, Joshua, and Jean Tirole. “A Model of Forum Shopping.” American Economic Review 96, no. 4 (2006): 1091–1116.
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• Rysman, Mark. “Competition between Networks: A Study of the Market for Yellow Pages.” Review of Economic Studies 71, no. 2 (2004): 483–512.
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• Chandra, Ambarish, and Allan Collard-Wexler. “Mergers in Two-Sided Markets: An Application to the Canadian Newspaper Industry.” Journal of Economics & Management Strategy 18 (2009): 1045–1070.
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• Fan, Ying. “Ownership Consolidation and Product Characteristics: A Study of the U.S. Daily Newspaper Market.” American Economic Review 103, no. 5 (2013): 1598–1628.
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• Jeziorski, Przemyslaw. “Effects of Mergers in Two-Sided Markets: The U.S. Radio Industry.” American Economic Journal: Microeconomics 6 (2014): 35–73.
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• Lee, Robin. “Vertical Integration and Exclusivity in Platform and Two-Sided Markets.” American Economic Review 103, no. 7 (2013): 2960–3000.
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• Armstrong, Mark, and Julian Wright. “Two-Sided Markets, Competitive Bottlenecks and Exclusive Contracts.” Economic Theory 32 (2007): 353–380.
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• Wang, Chengsi, and Julian Wright. “Search Platforms: Showrooming and Price Parity Clauses.” RAND Journal of Economics 51 (2020): 32–58.
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• Choi, Jay Pil, and Doh-Shin Jeon. “A Leverage Theory of Tying in Two-Sided Markets with Nonnegative Price Constraints.” American Economic Journal: Microeconomics 13 (2021): 283–337.
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• Gomes, Renato, and Jean Tirole. “Missed Sales and the Pricing of Ancillary Goods.” Quarterly Journal of Economics 133 (2018): 2097–2169.
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• Carlton, Dennis, and Ralph Winter. “Vertical Most-Favored-Nation Restraints and Credit Card No-Surcharge Rules.” Journal of Law and Economics 61 (2018): 215–251.
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• Rochet, Jean-Charles, and Jean Tirole. “Cooperation Among Competitors: Some Economics of Payment Card Associations.” RAND Journal of Economics 33 (2002): 549–570.
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• [JT], Chapter 6.
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• Rotemberg, Julio J., and Garth Saloner. “A Supergame-Theoretic Model of Price Wars During Booms.” American Economic Review 76 (1986): 390–407.
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• Green, E. J., and R. Porter. “Non-cooperative Collusion Under Imperfect Price Information.” Econometrica 52 (1984): 87–100.
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• Abreu, Dilip, David Pearce, and E. Stachetti. “Toward a Theory of Discounted Repeated Games with Imperfect Monitoring.” Econometrica 58 (1990): 1041–63.
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• Athey, Susan, Kyle Bagwell, and Chris Sanchirico. “Collusion and Price Rigidity.” Review of Economic Studies 71 (2004): 317–49.
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• Athey, Susan, and Kyle Bagwell. “Optimal Collusion with Private Information.” RAND Journal of Economics 32 (2001): 651–674.
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• Harrington, Joseph E. “Cartel Price Dynamics in the Presence of an Antitrust Authority.” RAND Journal of Economics 35 (2004): 651–674.
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• Harrington, Joseph E., and Andrzej Skrzypacz. “Private Monitoring and Communication in Cartels: Explaining Recent Collusive Practices.” American Economic Review 101 (2011): 1–25.
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• Sugaya, Tetsuya, and Ariel Wolitzky. “Maintaining Privacy in Cartels.” Journal of Political Economy 126 (2018): 2569–2607.
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• Awaya, Yuichiro, and V. Krishna. “On Communication and Collusion.” American Economic Review 106 (2016): 285–315.
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• McCutcheon, Barbara. “Do Meetings in Smoke-Filled Rooms Facilitate Collusion?” Journal of Political Economy 105 (1997): 330–350.
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• Borenstein, Severin, and A. Shepard. “Dynamic Pricing in Retail Gasoline Markets.” RAND Journal of Economics 27 (1996): 429–51.
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• Porter, Robert H. “A Study of Cartel Stability: The Joint Economic Committee, 1880–1886.” Bell Journal of Economics 14 (1983): 301–314.
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• Ellison, Glenn. “Theories of Cartel Stability and the Joint Executive Committee.” RAND Journal of Economics 25 (1994): 37–57.
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• Asker, John, A. Collard Wexler, and Jan De Loecker. “Market Power, Production (Mis)allocation, and OPEC.” American Economic Review 109, no. 4 (2019): 1568–1615.
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• Genesove, David, and W. Mullin. “Rules, Communication, and Collusion: Narrative Evidence from the Sugar Institute Case.” American Economic Review 91 (2001): 379–398.
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• Maskin, Eric, and Jean Tirole. “A Theory of Dynamic Oligopoly II: Price Competition, Kinked Demand Curves, and Edgeworth Cycles.” Econometrica 56 (1988): 571–599.
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• Noel, Michael. “Edgeworth Price Cycles: Evidence from the Toronto Retail Gasoline Markets.” Journal of Industrial Economics 55 (2007): 69–92.
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• Wang, Zhongmin. “Mixed Strategy in Oligopoly Pricing: Evidence from Gasoline Price Cycles Before and Under a Timing Regulation.” Journal of Political Economy 117 (2009): 987–1030.
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• Calvano, Emilio, Giacomo Calzolari, Vincenzo Denicolo, and Sergio Pastorello. “Artificial Intelligence, Algorithmic Pricing, and Collusion.” American Economic Review 110 (2020): 3267–3297.
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• Klein, Timo. “Autonomous Algorithmic Collusion: Q-learning Under Sequential Pricing.” RAND Journal of Economics 52 (2021): 538–558.
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• Brown, Zach, and Alexander MacKay. “Competition in Pricing Algorithms.” American Economic Journal: Microeconomics , forthcoming, 2022.
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• Ellison, Sara Fisher, Christopher Snyder, and Hongkai Zhang. “Costs of Managerial Attention and Activity as a Source of Sticky Prices: Structural Estimates from an Online Market.” NBER Working Paper 24680 (2018).
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• Asker, John, Chaim Fershtman, and Ariel Pakes. “Artificial Intelligence and Pricing: The Impact of Algorithm Design.” NBER Working Paper 28535 (2021).
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• Johnson, Justin, Andrew Rhodes, and Matthijs Wildenbeest. “Platform Design When Sellers Use Pricing Algorithms.” Working Paper (2021).
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• Mankiw, N.G., and M. Whinston. “Free Entry and Social Inefficiency.” RAND Journal of Economics 17 (1986): 48–58.
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• Sutton, J. Sunk Costs and Market Structure . MIT Press, 1991. Chapters 1–2.
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• Jovanovic, B. “Selection and the Evolution of Industry.” Econometrica 50 (1982): 649–670.
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• Vellodi, Nikhil. “Ratings Design and Barriers to Entry.” Working paper (2021).
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• Bresnahan, T., and P. Reiss. “Entry and Competition in Concentrated Markets.” Journal of Political Economy 99 (1991): 977–1009.
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• Berry, S., and J. Waldfogel. “Free Entry and Social Inefficiency in Radio Broadcasting.” RAND Journal of Economics 30 (Autumn 1999): 397–420.
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• Dunne, T., M. Roberts, and L. Samuelson. “Patterns of Firm Entry and Exit in U.S. Manufacturing.” RAND Journal of Economics 19 (Winter 1988): 495–515.
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• Golder, P., and G. Tellis. “Pioneer Advantage: Marketing Logic or Marketing Legend.” Journal of Marketing Research 30 (993): 158–170.
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• Bronnenberg, B., S. Dhar, and J.-P. Dube. “Brand History, Geography, and the Persistence of Brand Shares.” Journal of Political Economy 117 (2009): 2472–2508.
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• Bronnenberg, Bart, Jean-Pierre Dube, and Matthew Gentzkow. “The Evolution of Brand Preferences: Evidence from Consumer Migration.” American Economic Review 102 (2012): 2472–2508.
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• Foster, Lucia, John Haltiwanger, and Chad Syversion. “The Slow Growth of New Plants: Learning About Demand.” Econometrica 83 (2016): 91–129.
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• Berry, S., A. Eizenberg, and J. Waldfogel. “Optimal Product Variety in Radio Markets.” RAND Journal of Economics 47 (Fall 2016): 463–497.
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• [JT], pp. 207–8, Chapter 8.
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• Mas-Colell, Andreu, Michael D. Whinston, and Jerry R. Green. Microeconomic Theory . Chapter 12, Appendix B.
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