Instrumentation and Measurement for Biological Systems
Explores the intricate relationship between measuring, manipulating, and modeling biological systems. Lectures cover the application of engineering techniques — such as statistics, signal processing, system identification, and control theory — to biological systems. Lab sessions focus on optical methods and electronics. Fundamental topics include measurement error and the limits of precision and accuracy. Students taking graduate version complete additional assignments. Enrollment limited; preference to Course 20 undergraduates.
Fall 2006 · Biological Engineering II: Instrumentation and Measurement
This course covers sensing and measurement for quantitative molecular/cell/tissue analysis, in terms of genetic, biochemical, and biophysical properties. Methods include light and fluorescence microscopies; electro-mechanical probes such as atomic force microscopy, laser and magnetic traps, and MEMS devices; and the application of statistics, probability and noise analysis to experimental data. Enrollment preference is given to juniors and seniors.
Readings
- Agarwal, A., and J. H. Lang. Foundations of Analog and Digital Electronic Circuits . San Diego, CA: Morgan Kaufmann, 2005, chapters 2, 3, 9, and 10. ISBN: 9781558607354. (Resistors, capacitors, voltage and current dividers, RC transients)
- Agarwal, A., and J. H. Lang. “Sinusoidal Steady State.” Chapter 13 in Foundations of Analog and Digital Electronic Circuits . San Diego, CA: Morgan Kaufmann, 2005. ISBN: 9781558607354.
- Agarwal, A., and J. H. Lang. “The Operational Amplifier Abstraction.” Chapter 15 in Foundations of Analog and Digital Electronic Circuits . San Diego, CA: Morgan Kaufmann, 2005. ISBN: 9781558607354.
- SantaLucia, J. “A Unified View of Polymer, Dumbbell, and Oligonucleotide DNA Nearest-Neighbor Thermodynamics.” PNAS 95, no. 4 (February 17, 1998): 1460-1465.
- Strang, G. “Analytical Methods.” Chapter 4 in Introduction to Applied Mathematics . Wellesley, MA: Wellesley-Cambridge Press, 1986. ISBN: 9780961408800.
- FFT Reference Material
- W. H., et al. “Introduction,” and “Fourier Transform of Discretely Sampled Data;” Chapter 12.0-12.1 and “Power Spectrum Estimation Using the FFT.” Chapter 13.4 in Press, Numerical Recipes in C: The Art of Scientific Computing . 2nd ed. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1992. ISBN: 9780521431088.
- Taton, T. A., C. A. Mirkin, and R. L. Letsinger. “Scanometric DNA Array Detection with Nanoparticle Probes.” Science 289, no. 5485 (September 8, 2000): 1757-1760.
- Binnig, G., and C. F. Quate. “Atomic Force Microscope.” Physical Review Letters 56, no. 9 (March 3, 1986): 930-933.
- Gonzalez, R., and R. E. Woods. “Histograms, Contrast, Spatial Filtering” Chapter 4, “Morphological Operations” Chapter 8, “Segmentation” Chapter 7, and “Recognition & Interpretation” Chapter 9 in Digital Image Processing . 2nd ed. East Rutherford, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 2002. ISBN: 9780201180756.
- Lecture slides
- Online microscopy references
- Papers referenced in the lab manual
- Vukusic, P., and J. R. Sambles. “Photonic Structures in Biology.” Nature 424 (August 14, 2003): 852-856.
- Mason, T. G. “Estimating the Viscoelastic Moduli of Complex Fluids using the Generalized Stokes-Einstein Equation.” Rheol Acta 39 (2000): 371-378.
- Lau, A. W. C., et al. “Microrheology, Stress Fluctuations, and Active Behavior of Living Cells.” Physical Review Letters 91 no. 19 (7 November 2003): 198101.
- Three papers about peacock feathers
- Zi, Jian, et al. “Coloration Strategies in Peacock Feathers.” PNAS 100 (2003): 12576-12578.
- Yoshioka, S., and S. Kinoshita. “Effect of Macroscopic Structure in Iridescent Color of the Peacock Feathers.” Forma 17 (2002): 169-181.
- Kinoshita, S., and Yoshioka. “Structural Colors in Nature: The Role of Regularity and Irregularity in the Structure.” ChemPhysChem 6 (2005): 1442-1459.
- Hong, J. W., et al. “A Nanoliter-scale Nucleic Acid Processor with Parallel Architecture.” Nature Biotech 22, no. 4 (2004): 435-439.
- Nam, J. M., C. S. Thaxton, and C. A. Mirkin. “Nanoparticle-based Bio-bar Codes for the Ultrasensitive Detection of Proteins.” Science 301, no. 5641 (2003): 1884-1886.
- Winfree, E., et al. “Design and Self-assembly of Two-dimensional DNA Crystals.” Nature 394, no. 6693 (1998): 539-544.
- Rothemund, P. W. K. “Folding DNA to Create Nanoscale Shapes and Patterns.” Nature 440, no. 7082 (2006): 297-302.
- Hou, C. S. J., et al. “Label-free Microelectronic PCR Quantification.” Analytical Chemistry 78, no. 8 (2006): 2526-2531.
- Lai, R. Y., et al. “Rapid, Sequence-specific Detection of Unpurified PCR Amplicons via a Reusable, Electrochemical Sensor.” PNAS 103, no. 11 (2006): 4017-4021.
- Engell, A., and D. J. Muller. “Observing Single Biomolecules at Work with the Atomic Force Microscope.” Nature Stuct Biol 7, no. 9 (2000): 715-718.
- Schwesinger, F., et al. “Unbinding Forces of Single Antibody-Antigen Complexes Correlate with their Thermal Dissociation Rates.” PNAS 97, no. 18 (2000): 9972-9977.
- Rugar, D., et al. “Single Spin Detection by Magnetic Resonance Force Microscopy.” Nature 430, no. 6997 (2004): 329-332.
- Verveer, P. J., et al. “Quantitative Imaging of Lateral ErbB1 Receptor Signal Propagation in the Plasma Membrane.” Science 290 (2000): 1567-70.
- Chen, C. S., et al. “Geometric Control of Cell Life and Death.” Science 276 (1997): 1425-28.
- Perlman, Z. E., et al. “Multidimensional Drug Profiling by Automated Microscopy.” Science 306 (2004): 1194-98.
- Wang, Y., et al. “Visualizing the Mechanical Activation of Src.” Nature 434 (2005): 1040-45.
- Fritz, J., et al. “Translating Biomolecular Recognition into Nanomechanics.” Science 288, no. 5464 (2000): 316-318.
- Axelrod, D. “Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence Microscopy in Cell Biology.” Traffic 2 (2001): 764-774.
- Chung, E., D. Kim, D., and P. T. C. So. “Extended Resolution Wide-field Optical Imaging: Objective-launched Standing-wave Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence Microscopy.” Opt Lett 31, no. 7 (2006): 945-7.
- Van Marion, A. M. W., et al. “Morphology of the Bone Marrow after Stem Cell Transplantation.” Histopahology 48 (2006): 329-42.
- Fantner, G. E., et al. “Sacrificial Bonds and Hidden Length: Unraveling Molecular Mesostructures in Tough Materials.” Biophys J 90, no. 4 (2006): 1411-1418.
- Block, S. M., et al. “Probing the Kinesin Reaction Cycle with a 2D Optical Force Clamp.” PNAS 100, no. 5 (2003): 2351-56.
- Yamada, S., D. Wirtz, and S. C. Kuo. “Mechanics of Living Cells Measured by Laser Tracking Microrheology.” Biophys J 78, no. 4 (2000): 1736-47.
- Yap, B., and R. D. Kamm. “Cytoskeletal Remodeling and Cellular Activation during Deformation of Neutrophils into Narrow Channels.” J Appl Physiol 99 (2005): 2323-30.
- Crocker, J. C., et al. “Two-point Microrheology of Inhomogeneous Soft Materials” Phys Rev Lett 85, no. 4 (2000): 888-91.
- Rousso, I., et al. “Microsecond Atomic Force Sensing of Protein Conformational Dynamics: Implications for the Primary Light-induced Events in Bacteriorhodopsin.” PNAS 94 (1997): 7937-41.
- Miller, M. J., et al. “Two-photon Imaging of Lymphocyte Motility and Antigen Response in Intact Lymph Node.” Science 296 (2002): 1869-73.
- Ichimura, T., et al. “Application of Tip-enhanced Microscopy for Nonlinear Raman Spectroscopy.” Appl Phys Lett 84, no. 10 (2004): 1768-70.
- Koo, T-W., S. Chan, and A. A. Berlin. “Single-molecule Detection of Biomolecules by Surface-enhanced Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Scattering.” Opt Lett 30, no. 9 (2005): 1024-6.
- Wang, H., et al. “Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Scattering Imaging of Axonal Myelin in Live Spinal Tissues” Biophys J 89, no. 1 (2005): 581-91.
- Hanson, K. M., et al. “Two-photon Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging of the Skin Stratum Corneum pH Gradient.” Biophys J 83, no. 3 (2002): 1682-90.
- Campagnola, P. J., et al. “Three-dimensional High-resolution Second-harmonic Generation Imaging of Endogenous Structural Proteins in Biological Tissues.” Biophys J 81, no. 1 (2002): 493-508.
Prerequisites & course information
Same subject as 2.673[J] Subject meets with 20.409 Prereq: ( Biology (GIR) , Physics II (GIR) , 6.100B , and 18.03 ) or permission of instructor U (Fall, Spring) 3-6-3 units
Sources
- Course catalogue ↗2026–2027
- MIT OpenCourseWare ↗Fall 2006
- MIT OCW readings ↗
- MIT OCW syllabus ↗
- Historical MIT OpenCourseWare offering. Named reading entries and schedule topics are automatically extracted from the linked source pages.