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24.964

Topics in Phonology

3-0-9 units · Graduate

In-depth study of a topic in current phonological theory.

Fall 2006 · Topics in Phonology: Phonetic Realization

Many details of phonetic realization cannot be predicted from standard phonological representations on a language-independent basis, so phonetic realization must be specified in grammar. In this seminar we will investigate phonetic realization as a component of grammar. The basic questions that we will address are: * What is the form of the phonetic realization component? * What is its relationship to phonology?

Readings

Fall 2004

Topics

  • Introduction: Writing Simple Perl Programs
  • What is Learning?
  • Learning Models (for Phonology)
  • Calculating Statistical Generalizations
  • Statistical Models (cont.)
  • Learning OT Grammars - Introduction
  • Learning in OT (cont.) - Ranking Biases
  • Learning in OT (cont.) - Reasoning about Rankings
  • Learning in OT (cont.) - Stochastic Constraint Ranking
  • Learning in OT (cont.)
  • Learning Alternations
  • Learning Alternations (cont.)

Readings

  • week #: 1 · TOPICS: Introduction: Writing Simple Perl Programs · Readings: Hutchinson, Alan. Chapter 1 in Algorithmic Learning . New York: Oxford University Press, 1994. ISBN: 0198538480.
    Reading assignment
  • Jusczyk, P. W., A. Friderici, J. M. Wessels, V. Y. Svenkerud, and A. M. Jusczyk. “Infants’ Sensitivity to the Sound Patterns of Native Language Words.” Journal of Memory and Language 32 (1993): 402-420.
    Listed reading
  • Coleman, John S., and Janet B. Pierrehumbert. “Stochastic Phonological Grammars and Acceptability.” In Computational Phonology: Third Meeting of the ACL Special Interest Group in Computational Phonology. Somerset, NJ: Association for Computational Linguistics, 1997, pp. 49–56.
    Listed reading
  • Tjong, Erik F., Kim Sang, and John Nerbonne. “Learning the Logic of Simple Phonotactics.” In Learning Language in Logic . Vol. 1925 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science. New York: Springer Verlag, 2000, pp. 110–124. ISBN: 3540411453.
    Listed reading
  • Tesar, B., and P. Smolensky. “Learnability in Optimality Theory (Short Version).” Technical Report JHU-CogSci-96-2, Cognitive Science Department, The Johns Hopkins University. ROA-155, 1996. [A revised version of this paper has appeared as: Tesar, and Smolensky. “Learnability in Optimality Theory.” Linguistic Inquiry 29 (1998): 229-268.]
    Listed reading
  • Prince, A., and B. Tesar. “Learning Phonotactic Distributions.” In Fixing Priorities: Constraints in Phonological Acquisition . Edited by R. Kager, J. Pater, and W. Zonneveld. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2004. ISBN: 0521829631.
    Listed reading
  • Hayes, B. “Phonological Acquisition in Optimality Theory: The Early Stages.” In Fixing Priorities: Constraints in Phonological Acquisition . Edited by R. Kager, J. Pater, and W. Zonneveld. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2004. ISBN: 0521829631.
    Listed reading
  • Boersma, Paul, and Bruce Hayes. “Empirical Tests of the Gradual Learning Algorithm.” Linguistic Inquiry 32, no. 1 (2001): 45–86.
    Listed reading
  • Albro, Daniel M. “A Probabilistic Ranking Learner for Phonotactics.” Proceedings of the 2000 Conference of the Linguistics Society of America. Chicago, IL, 2000.
    Listed reading
  • week #: 6 · TOPICS: Learning OT Grammars - Introduction · Readings: Bailey, Todd, and Ulrike Hahn. “Determinants of Wordlikeness: Phonotactics or Lexical Neighborhoods?” Journal of Memory and Language 44 (2001): 568–591.
    Reading assignment
  • week #: 7 · TOPICS: Learning in OT (cont.) - Ranking Biases · Readings: Eddington (2003).
    Reading assignment
  • week #: 8 · TOPICS: Learning in OT (cont.) - Reasoning about Rankings · Readings: Buy at MIT Press Pierrehumbert, J. “Probabilistic Phonology: Discrimation and Robustness.” In Probabilistic Linguistics . Edited by R. Bod, J. Hay, and S. Jannedy. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2003. ISBN: 0262025361. ↗
    Reading assignment
  • week #: 9 · TOPICS: Learning in OT (cont.) - Stochastic Constraint Ranking · Readings: Zuraw, Kie. Selections, 2004.
    Reading assignment
  • week #: 10 · TOPICS: Learning in OT (cont.) · Readings: Tesar, Bruce, and Alan Prince. “Using Phonotactics to Learn Phonological Alternations.” [To appear in The Proceedings of CLS 39 , Vol. II: The Panels. ROA-620.]
    Reading assignment
  • week #: 11 · TOPICS: Learning Alternations · Readings: Albright, Adam, and Bruce Hayes. “Modeling English Past Tense Intuitions with Minimal Generalization.” In Proceedings of the Sixth Meeting of the ACL Special Interest Group in Computational Phonology . Edited by Michael Maxwell. Philadelphia: ACL, July 2002.
    Reading assignment
  • Boersma, Paul. “A Stochastic OT Account of Paralinguistic Tasks such as Grammaticality and Prototypicality Judgments.” 2004. [Manuscript]
    Listed reading
  • Burke, Sean M., and Sheri Wells-Jensen. “Braille Contractions and Regular Expressions.” The Perl Journal . 1999.
    Listed reading
  • Everett, Dan, and Iris Berent. “The Comparative Optimality of Hebrew Roots: An Experimental Approach to Violable Identity Constraints.” ROA-235, Rutgers Optimality Archive . ↗
    Listed reading
  • Gildea, D., and D. Jurafsky. “Learning Bias and Phonological-rule Induction.” Computational Linguistics 22, no. 4 (1996): 497–530.
    Listed reading
  • Goldwater, Sharon, and Mark Johnson. “Learning OT Constraint Rankings Using a Maximum Entropy Model.” Proceedings of the Workshop on Variation within Optimality Theory . Stockholm University: 2003.
    Listed reading
  • Jäger, Gerhard. “Maximum Entropy Models and Stochastic Optimality Theory.” 2004. [Unpublished Manuscript]
    Listed reading
  • Johnson, Flemming, and Wright. “The Hyperspace Effect: Phonetic Targets are Hyperarticulated.” Language 69 (1993): 505-528.
    Listed reading
  • Jusczyk, Luce, and Charles-Luce. “Infants’ Sensitivity to Phonotactic Patterns in the Native Language.” Journal of Memory and Language 33 (1994): 630-645.
    Listed reading
  • Keller, and Asudeh. “Probabilistic Learning Algorithms and OT.” Linguistic Inquiry 33, no. 2 (2002): 225-244.
    Listed reading
  • Kessler, Brett, and Rebecca Treiman. “Syllable Structure and the Distribution of Phonemes in English Syllables.” Journal of Memory and Language 37, no. 3, (October 1997): 295-311.
    Listed reading
  • Konstantopoulos, S. “Learning Phonotactics using ILP.” Special Issue of the WEB-SLS On-line Journal: The Language Sections of the ESSLLI-01 Student Session . 2002.
    Listed reading
  • Kruskal, Joseph. “An Overview of Sequence Comparison.” In Time Warps, String Edits, and Macromolecules . Edited by David Sankoff and Kruskal. Stanford: CSLI, 1999. pp. 1-44. ISBN: 1575862174.
    Listed reading
  • Maslova, Elena. “Stochastic OT as a Model of Constraint Interaction.” ROA-694, Rutgers Optimality Archive . [Manuscript] ↗
    Listed reading
  • McCarthy, John. “Taking a Free Ride in Morphophonemic Learning.” ROA-683, Rutgers Optimality Archive . ↗
    Listed reading
  • Nerbonne, J., and S. Konstantopoulos. “Phonotactics in Inductive Logic Programming.” In Intelligent Information Processing and Web Mining: Proceedings of the International IIS: IIPWM’04 Conference held in Zakopane, Poland, May 17-20, 2004. Advances in Soft Computing . Edited by A. Mieczyslaw, S. T. Wierzchon, and K. Trojanowski. Berlin: Springer, 2004, pp. 493–502.
    Listed reading
  • Nerbonne, J., and I. Stoianov. “Learning Phonotactics with Simple Processors.” In On the Boundaries of Phonology and Phonetics . Edited by D. Gilbers, M. Schreuder, and N. Knevel. Groningen, 2004, pp. 89–121. CLCG. ISBN: 9036719305.
    Listed reading
  • Pater, Joe, and Anne-Michelle Tessier. “Phonotactic Knowledge and the Acquisition of Alternations.” In Proceedings of the 15th International Congress on Phonetic Sciences . Edited by M. J. Solé, D. Recasens, and J. Romero. Barcelona: 2003, pp. 1777-1180.
    Listed reading
  • Pierrehumbert, Janet. “Knowledge of Variation.” In CLS 30: Papers from the 30th Regional Meeting of the Chicago Linguistics Society, Volume 2: The Parasession on Variation in Linguistic Theory . Edited by Katharine Beals, et. al. 1994. pp. 232-256.
    Listed reading
  • Sholem, Weiss, and Casimir Kulikowski. “How to Estimate the True Performance of a Learning System.” Chapter 2 in Computer Systems that Learn . [Source: Weiss, S. M., and Kulikowski, C. A. Computer Systems That Learn. San Mateo: Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, 1991. ISBN: 1558600655.]
    Listed reading
  • Sommerstein, Alan. “On Phonotactically Motivated Rules.” Journal of Linguistics 10 (1974): 71-94.
    Listed reading
  • Tjong, Erik F., and Kim Sang. Machine Learning of Phonotactics . Ph.D. Thesis, University of Groningen. 1998.
    Listed reading
  • Tjong, Erik F., Kim Sang, and J. Nerbonne. “Learning Simple Phonotactics.” In Proceedings of the Workshop on Neural, Symbolic, and Reinforcement Methods for Sequence Processing. ML2 Workshop at IJCAI’99, Stockholm,Sweden. 1999, pp. 41-46.
    Listed reading
  • Whalen, D. H., et. al. “Lexical Effects in the Perception and Production of American English /p/ allophones.” Journal of Phonetics 25 (1997): 501-528.
    Listed reading
  • Zuraw, Kie Ross. “Patterned Exceptions in Phonology.” (PhD dissertation) UCLA, 2000.
    Listed reading

Prerequisites & course information

Prereq: 24.961 G (Fall, Spring) 3-0-9 units Can be repeated for credit.

Sources