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24.968

Speech Communication

Graduate · Historical course

Spring 2004

Topics

  • Introduction and Background. Methods of Approach to Study of Speech and Language: Speech Production, Acoustics, Perception, Segments and Features, Phonology, Syntax. Phonetic Transcription. Signal Processing for Speech. Survey of Speech Anatomy, Respiratory System, Airflows and Pressures. Auditory System and Human Response to Sound. Some Basic Acoustics of Resonators and Sources, Source-filter Concepts.
  • Vowels. Acoustic Source at the Glottis. Mechanism of Vocal-fold Vibration. Source Characteristics for Females and Males. Different Vocal-tract Shapes: Articulatory Attributes, Acoustic Consequences. Features High, Low, Back, and their Articulatory and Acoustic Correlates. Other Vowel Features: Rounding, Nasalization, Tense-lax. Laryngeal Variations for Vowels; Breathy and Pressed Voicing; Tones; Stress. Auditory Processing of Vowels.
  • Speech Analysis.
  • Consonants. Aerodynamics of the Vocal Tract, Turbulence Noise, Abrupt Release, Bursts. Place of Articulation for Consonants: Articulatory Attributes, Acoustic Consequences, Formant Transitions, Classification in Terms of Features. Aspiration and Voicing. Models of Stop, Nasal, and Fricative Consonant Production. Perception of Consonants. Liquids, Glides, Clicks, Other Features. Consonants and Consonant Sequences in Various Contexts.
  • Speech Synthesis I.
  • Speech Synthesis.
  • Introduction to Syntax, Morphology and Phonology. Review of Features and Feature Hierarchies; Feature Geometry and its Relation to Speech Production. Phonological Evidence for Distinctive Features. Lexical Representation. Examples from English and Other Languages.
  • Prosody. Models of Speech Planning; Evidence from Speech Errors. Modification of Features and Acoustic Properties in Fluent Speech; Gestural Overlap, Reduction, Enhancement.
  • Speech Synthesis II: Formant Synthesis, Concatenative Synthesis, Text to Speech.
  • Prosody, Timing, and Other Sentence-level Phenomena in Speech.
  • Approaches to Lexical Access; Models of Human and Machine Recognition of Speech.
  • Impaired Speech Production and Perception; Hearing Loss, Aphasia, Neurogenic Disorders, Laryngeal Disorders, Other Impairments; Aids for Speech and Hearing-impaired. Speech and Language Development in Children; Acoustic Analysis of Children’s Speech.
  • Present Term Papers.

Readings

  • The readings listed below for the course’s lecture (LE) sessions are from the required course textbook: Stevens, Kenneth. Acoustic Phonetics . Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1999. ISBN: 9780262194044. Additional references are also provided in this section. ↗
    Listed reading
  • SES #: LE1-3 · TOPICS: Introduction and Background. Methods of Approach to Study of Speech and Language: Speech Production, Acoustics, Perception, Segments and Features, Phonology, Syntax. Phonetic Transcription. Signal Processing for Speech. Survey of Speech Anatomy, Respiratory System, Airflows and Pressures. Auditory System and Human Response to Sound. Some Basic Acoustics of Resonators and Sources, Source-filter Concepts. · READINGS: Chapters 1, 3, parts of Chapter 4
    Reading assignment
  • SES #: LE4-6 · TOPICS: Vowels. Acoustic Source at the Glottis. Mechanism of Vocal-fold Vibration. Source Characteristics for Females and Males. Different Vocal-tract Shapes: Articulatory Attributes, Acoustic Consequences. Features High, Low, Back, and their Articulatory and Acoustic Correlates. Other Vowel Features: Rounding, Nasalization, Tense-lax. Laryngeal Variations for Vowels; Breathy and Pressed Voicing; Tones; Stress. Auditory Processing of Vowels. · READINGS: Chapters 2 and 6
    Reading assignment
  • SES #: LE7-10 · TOPICS: Consonants. Aerodynamics of the Vocal Tract, Turbulence Noise, Abrupt Release, Bursts. Place of Articulation for Consonants: Articulatory Attributes, Acoustic Consequences, Formant Transitions, Classification in Terms of Features. Aspiration and Voicing. Models of Stop, Nasal, and Fricative Consonant Production. Perception of Consonants. Liquids, Glides, Clicks, Other Features. Consonants and Consonant Sequences in Various Contexts. · READINGS: Chapters 7, 8, 9 and 10
    Reading assignment
  • SES #: LE13-15 · TOPICS: Introduction to Syntax, Morphology and Phonology. Review of Features and Feature Hierarchies; Feature Geometry and its Relation to Speech Production. Phonological Evidence for Distinctive Features. Lexical Representation. Examples from English and Other Languages. · READINGS: Chapter 5
    Reading assignment
  • SES #: LE16-18 · TOPICS: Prosody. Models of Speech Planning; Evidence from Speech Errors. Modification of Features and Acoustic Properties in Fluent Speech; Gestural Overlap, Reduction, Enhancement. · READINGS: Chapter 10
    Reading assignment
  • Chomsky, N., and M. Halle. The Sound Pattern of English . New York, NY: Harper & Row, 1968. ASIN: B000F5MWH4.
    Listed reading
  • Fant, G. Acoustic Theory of Speech Production . The Hague: Mouton, 1970. ISBN: 9789027916006.
    Listed reading
  • Flanagan, J. L. Speech Analysis, Synthesis and Perception . New York, NY: Springer-Verlag, 1972. ISBN: 9780387055619.
    Listed reading
  • Halle, M., and K. N. Stevens. “Knowledge of Language and The Sounds of Speech.” In Music, Language, Speech and Brain . Edited by J. Sundberg, L. Nord, and R. Carlson. Basingstoke, Hampshire: Macmillan Press, 1991, pp. 1-19. ISBN: 9780333564295.
    Listed reading
  • Jakobson, R., G. Fant, and M. Halle. Preliminaries to Speech Analysis . Cambridge MA: MIT Press, 1963. ISBN: 0262600013.
    Listed reading
  • Keyser, S. J., and K. N. Stevens. “Feature Geometry and The Vocal Tract.” Phonology 11 (1994), 207-236.
    Listed reading
  • Klatt, D. H., and L. C. Klatt. “Analysis, Synthesis, and Perception of Voice Quality Variations Among Female and Male Talkers.” J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 87 (1990): 820-857.
    Listed reading
  • Ladefoged, P., and I. Maddieson. The Sounds of the World’s Languages . Cambridge, MA: Blackwell, 1996. ISBN: 9780631198154.
    Listed reading
  • Maddieson, I. Patterns of Sounds . Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1984. ISBN: 9780521265362.
    Listed reading
  • Minifie, F., ed. Introduction to Communication Sciences and Disorders . San Diego: Singular, 1994. ISBN: 9781565932029.
    Listed reading
  • O’Shaughnessy, D. Speech Communication: Human and Machine . New York, NY: IEEE Press, 1999. ISBN: 9780780334496.
    Listed reading
  • Rabiner, L. R., and B. -H. Juang. Fundamentals of Speech Recognition . Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1993. ISBN: 9780130151575.
    Listed reading
  • Atal, B. S., J. L. Miller, and R. D. Kent, eds. Papers in Speech Communication: Speech Processing . Woodbury NY: Acoustical Society of America, 1991. ISBN: 9780883189603.
    Listed reading
  • ———, eds. Papers in Speech Communication: Speech Perception . Woodbury, NY: Acoustical Society of America, 1991. ISBN: 9780883189597.
    Listed reading
  • ———, eds. Papers in Speech Communication: Speech Production . Woodbury, NY: Acoustical Society of America, 1991. ISBN: 9780883189580.
    Listed reading
  • Pickett, J. M. The Acoustics of Speech Communication: Fundamentals, Speech Perception Theory, and Technology . Needham Heights, MA: Allyn & Bacon: 1998. ISBN: 9780205198870.
    Listed reading
  • Hardcastle, W. J., and J. Laver, eds. The Handbook of Phonetic Sciences . Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishers, Ltd., 1997. ISBN: 9780631188483.
    Listed reading
Sources