5.05
Principles of Inorganic Chemistry III
Principles of main group (s and p block) element chemistry with an emphasis on synthesis, structure, bonding, and reaction mechanisms.
Spring 2005
Topics
- Introduction and Theory
- Aluminum Chemistry I
- Aluminum II
- Phosphorus
- Gallium and Indium
- Gallium Multiple Bonds
- Gallium, Phosphorus, and Tin
- Nitrogen, Halogens, Noble Gases
- Fluorine, Krypton
- Relativistic Effects
- Gold, Fluorine, Xenon
Readings
- Molina, J., and J. A. Dobado. “The three-center-four-electron (3c-4e) bond nature revisited. An atoms-in-molecules theory (AIM) and ELF study.” Theoretical Chemistry Accounts 105 (2001): 328-337.
- Dobado, J. A., H. Martinez-Garcia, and J. M. Molina, et. al. “Chemical Bonding in Hypervalent Molecules Revised. Application of the Atoms in Molecules Theory to Y 3 X and Y 3 XZ (Y = H or CH 3 ; X = N, P or As; Z = O or S) Compounds.” J Am Chem Soc 120 (1998): 8461-8471.
- Dobado, J. A., H. Martinez-Garcia, and J. M. Molina, et. al. “Chemical Bonding in Hypervalent Molecules Revised. 2. Application of the Atoms in Molecules Theory to Y 2 XZ and Y 2 XZ 2 (Y = H, F, CH 3 ; X = O, S, Se; Z = O, S) Compounds.” J Am Chem Soc 121 (1999): 3156-3164.
- Dobado, J. A., H. Martinez-Garcia, and J. M. Molina, et. al. “Chemical Bonding in Hypervalent Molecules Revised. 3. Application of the Atoms in Molecules Theory to Y 3 X-CH 2 (X = N, P, or As ; Y = H or F) and H 2 X-CH 2 (X = O, S, or Se) ylides.” J Am Chem Soc 122 (2000): 1144-1149.
- Obituary: José Molina Molina in memoriam. Theor Chem Acc 105 (March 21, 2001): 270.
- Dobado, J. A., H. Martinez-Garcia, and J. M. Molina, et. al. “Theoretical Bonding Description of Alkylidene Chalcogen (O, S, Se) Difluorides (H 2 C=XF 2 ): Planar versus Bent Conformations.” Inorg Chem 38 (1999): 6257-6260.
- Molina, J., J. A. Dobado, G. L. Heard, R. F. W. Bader, and M. R. Sundberg. “Recognizing A Triple Bond Between Main Group Atoms.” Theoretical Chemistry Accounts 105 (2001): 365-373.
- Hardman, Ned J., Chunming Cui, Herbert W. Roesky, William H. Fink, and Philip P. Power. “Stable, Monomeric Imides of Aluminum and Gallium: Synthesis and Characterization of [{HC(MeCDippN) 2 }MN-2,6-Trip 2 C 6 H 3 ] (M=Al or Ga; Dipp=2,6- iPr 2 C 6 H 3 *; Trip=2,4,6-iPr 3 C 6 H 2 ).” Angewandte Chemie International Edition* 40, no. 11 (June 1, 2001): 2172-2174.
- Cui, Chunming, Herbert W. Roesky, Hans-Georg Schmidt, and Mathias Noltemeyer. “[HC{(CMe)(NAr)} 2 ]Al[(NSiMe 3 ) 2 N 2 ] (Ar=2,6- iPr 2 C 6 H 3 *): The First Five-Membered AlN* 4 Ring System.” Angewandte Chemie International Edition 39, no. 24 (December 15, 2000): 4531-4533.
- Peng, Ying, Hongjun Fan, Hongping Zhu, Herbert W. Roesky, Jörg Magull, and Colan E. Hughes. “[{HC(CMeNAr) 2 } 2 Al 2 P 4 ] (Ar=2,6- iPr 2 C 6 H 3 *): A Reduction to a Formal {P 4 }* 4- Charged Species.” Angewandte Chemie International Edition 43, no. 26 (June 28, 2004): 3443-3445.
- Cui, Chunming, Herbert W. Roesky, Hans-Georg Schmidt, Mathias Noltemeyer, Haijun Hao, and Fanica Cimpoesu. “Synthesis and Structure of a Monomeric Aluminum(i) Compound [{HC(CMeNAr) 2 }Al] (Ar=2,6- iPr 2 C 6 H 3 *): A Stable Aluminum Analogue of a Carbene.” Angewandte Chemie* 39, no. 23 (December 1, 2000): 4274-4276.
- Neculai, Dante, Herbert W. Roesky, Ana Mirela Neculai, Jörg Magull, Bernhard Walfort, and Dietmar Stalke. “Formation and Characterization of the First Monoalumoxane, LAlO-B(C 6 F 5 ) 3 .” Angewandte Chemie International Edition 41, no. 22 (November 15, 2002): 4294-4296.
- Arduengo, Anthony J., III David A. Dixon, Kristin K. Kumashiro, Chengteh Lee, William P. Power, and Kurt W. Zilm. “Chemical Shielding Tensor of a Carbene.” J Am Chem Soc 116, no. 14 (1994): 6361-6367.
- Cui, C., S. Kopke, R. Herbst-Irmer, H. W. Roesky, M. Noltemeyer, H.-G. Schmidt, and B. Wrackmeyer. “Facile Synthesis of Cyclopropene Analogues of Aluminum and an Aluminum Pinacolate, and the Reactivity of LAl[η 2 -C 2 (SiMe 3 ) 2 ] toward Unsaturated Molecules (L = HC[(CMe)(NAr)] 2 , Ar = 2,6- i Pr 2 C 6 H 3 ).” J Am Chem Soc (Article) 123, no. 37 (2001): 9091-9098.
- Purath, Andreas, Carsten Dohmeier, Achim Ecker, Hansgeorg Schnöckel, Kerstin Amelunxen, Thomas Passler, and Nils Wiberg." Synthesis and Crystal Structure of the Tetraaluminatetrahedrane Al 4 [Si( t -Bu) 3 ] 4 , the Second Al 4 R 4 Compound." Organometallics 17 (1998): 1894-1896.
- Purath, Andreas, Carsten Dohmeier, Achim Ecker, Ralf Koppe, Harald Krautscheid, Hansgeorg Schnöckel, Reinhart Ahlrichs, Carsten Stoermer, Jochen Friedrich, and, Peter Jutzi. “Synthesis and Structure of a Neutral SiAl 14 Cluster.” J Am Chem Soc 122 (2000): 6955-6959.
- Schnöckel, Hansgeorg, and Harald Köhnlein. “Synthesis and Structure of Metalloid Aluminum Clusters - Intermediates on the Way to the Elements.” Polyhedron 21 (2002): 489-501.
- Shah, Shashin, M. Cather Simpson, Rhett C. Smith, and John D. Protasiewicz. “Three Different Fates for Phosphinidenes Generated by Photocleavage of Phospha-Wittig Reagents ArP=PMe 3 .” J Am Chem Soc 123 (2001): 6925-6926.
- Rhett C. Smith, Shashin Shah, Eugenijus Urnezius, and John D. Protasiewicz. “An Unusual Equilibrium Chlorine Atom Transfer Process and Its Potential for Assessment of Steric Pressure by Bulky Aryls.” J Am Chem Soc 125 (2003): 40-41.
- Smith, Rhett C., Peter Gantzel, Arnold L. Rheingold, and John D. Protasiewicz. “Arsa-Wittig Complexes (ArAs=PMe 3 ) as Intermediates to Diarsenes.” Organometallics 23 (2004): 5124-5126.
- Smith, Rhett C., Tong Ren, and John D. Protasiewicz. “A Robust, Reactive, and Remarkably Simple to Prepare Sterically Encumbered meta-Terphenyl Ligand.” Eur J Inorg Chem (2002): 2779-2783.
- Macikenas, D., E. Skrzypczak-Jankun, and J. D. Protasiewicz. “A New Class of Iodonium Ylides Engineered as Soluble Primary Oxo and Nitrene Sources.” J Am Chem Soc (Communication) 121, no. 30 (1999): 7164-7165.
- Shah, Shashin, John D. Protasiewicz. “‘Phospha-variations’ on the themes of Staudinger and Wittig: phosphorus analogs of Wittig reagents.” Coordination Chemistry Reviews 210 (2000): 181-201.
- Smith, Rhett C., and John D. Protasiewicz. “Conjugated Polymers Featuring Heavier Main Group Element Multiple Bonds: A Diphosphene-PPV.” J Am Chem Soc 126 (2004): 2268-2269.
- Chen, Xufang, Rhett C. Smith, and John D. Protasiewicz. “Cycloaddition of phosphanylidene-σ 4 -phosphoranes ArP=PMe 3 and quinones to yield 1,3,2-dioxophospholanes.” Chem Commun (2004): 146-147.
- Macikenas, Dainius, Ewa Skrzypczak-Jankun, and John D. Protasiewicz. “Redirecting Secondary Bonds To Control Molecular and Crystal Properties of an Iodosyl- and an Iodylbenzene.” Angewandte Chemie International Edition 39, no. 11 (June 2, 2000): 2007-2010.
- Shah, Shashin, Tom Concolino, Arnold L. Rheingold, and John D. Protasiewicz. “Sterically Encumbered Systems for Two Low-Coordinate Phosphorus Centers.” Inorg Chem 39 (2000): 3860-3867.
- Dutan, Cosmina, Shashin Shah, Rhett C. Smith, Sylvie Choua, Theó Berclaz, Michel Geoffroy, and John D. Protasiewicz. “Sterically Encumbered Diphosphaalkenes and a Bis(diphosphene) as Potential Multiredox-Active Molecular Switches: EPR and DFT Investigations.” Inorg Chem 42 (2003): 6241-6251.
- Smith, Rhett C., and John D. Protasiewicz. “A Trans-Spanning Diphosphine Ligand Based on a m -Terphenyl Scaffold and Its Palladium and Nickel Complexes.” Organometallics 23 (2004): 4215-4222.
- Shah, Shashin, Glenn P. A. Yap b, and John D. Protasiewicz. “Crystal structure of the phosphanylidene-σ 4 -phosphorane DmpP=PMe 3 (Dmp=2,6-Mes 2 C 6 H 3 ) and reactions with electrophiles.” Journal of Organometallic Chemistry 608 (2000): 12-20.
- Uhl, Werner, Lars Cuypers, Rene Graupner, Jens Molter, Annegret Vester, and Bernhard Neumüller. “Einfache Synthese von Alkylaluminium- und Alkylgalliumhydriden - Kristallstrukturen von [(Me 3 C) 2 GaH] 3 und den neuartigen Sesquihydriden [(Me 3 C) 2 EH] 2 [EH 2 CMe 3 ] 2 (E = Al, Ga).” Zeitschrift für anorganische und allgemeine Chemie 627, no. 4, (April, 2001): 607-614.
- Uhl, Werner, Lars Cuypers, Bernhard Neumüller, and Frank Weller. “Hydrogallation of Alkynes: Syntheses of Carbon-Gallium Cages Possessing Heteroadamantane Structures.” Organometallics 21 (2002): 2365-2368.
- Uhl, Werner, Maike Benter, and Malte Prött. “Replacement of CO ligands by the isolobal gallium(I) compound GaR [R = C(SiMe 3 ) 3 ], formation of the transition metal gallium compounds Mn 2 (CO) 8 2 and Fe 3 (CO) 9 (μ-CO)(μ-GaR) 2 .” J Chem Soc, Dalton Trans (2000): 643-646.
- Uhl, Werner, Sandra Melle, Gernot Frenking, and Michael Hartmann. “Reaction of Ni 2 Cp 2 (μ-CO) 2 with the Alkylgallium(I) and Alkylindium(I) Compounds E 4 [C(SiMe 3 ) 3 ] 4 (E = Ga, In). Insertion of E-R Groups into the Ni-Ni Bond versus Replacement of CO by the Isolobal E-R Ligands.” Inorg Chem 40 (2001): 750-755.
- Uhl, Werner, Lars Cuypers, Malte Prött, and Klaus Harms. “Molecular Self-assembly Controlled by gallium-gallium single bonds-facile Syntheses of Macrocyclic Octagallium Compounds.” Polyhedron 21 (2002): 511-518.
- Uhl, Werner, Lars Cuypers, Klaus Harms, Wolfgang Kaim, Matthias Wanner, Rainer Winter, Rainer Koch, and Wolfgang Saak. “Ga 9 (CMe 3 ) 9 , an Important New Building Block in the Structural Chemistry of the Alkylelement(I) Compounds E n R n (E=B-In).” Angewandte Chemie International Edition 40, no. 3 (February 2, 2001): 566-568.
- Uhl, Werner, and Maike Benter. “Formation of a gallium triphosphorus heterocycle by reaction of the alkylgallium(I) compound Ga 4 [C(SiMe 3 ) 3 ] 4 with tri( tert -butyl) cyclotriphosphane.” J Chem Soc, Dalton Trans (2000): 3133-3135.
- Uhl, Werner, Sandra Melle, Gertraud Geiseler, and Klaus Harms. “In 3 I 2 [C(SiMe 3 ) 3 ] 3 : Synthesis of a Diiodotrialkyltriindane(5) Containing Two In-In Single Bonds.” Organometallics 20 (2001): 3355-3357.
- Uhl, Werner, Fritjof Schmock, und Gertraud Geiseler. “[In 3 Br 3 {C(SiMe 3 ) 3 } 3 ][Li(THF) 3 ] mit einer Kette aus drei Indiumatomen ein bemerkenswertes Nebenprodukt aus der Synthese des Tetraindiumclusters In 4 [C(SiMe 3 ) 3 ] 4 .” Z Anorg Allg Chem 628 (2002): 1963-1966.
- Uhl, Werner, and Sandra Melle. “Alkylindium Subhalides Derived from the Tetrahedral Indium(i) Cluster Compound [In 4 {C(SiMe 3 ) 3 } 4 ].” Chem. Eur. J. 7, no. 19 (2001).
- Uhl, Werner, Jens Molter, and Bernhard Neumuller. “Dialkylaluminum Hydrazides Derived from Free Hydrazine N 2 H 4 . Molecular Structures of [(Me 3 C) 2 AlN 2 H 3 ] 2 and [(Me 3 C) 2 Al] 4 (N 2 H 2 ) 2 .” Inorg Chem 40 (2001): 2011-2014.
- Uhl, Werner, und Sandra Melle. “Pt[In-C(SiMe 3 ) 3 ] 4 - a Pt(CO) 4 Analogous Compound with a Platinum Atom Tetrahedrally coordinated by Four InR Ligands.” Z Anorg Allg Chem 626 (2000): 2043-2045.
- Uhl, Werner, Frank Breher, and Bernhard Neumüller. “Reactions of Carbaalanes with HBF 4 and HCl: A μ 3 -Bridging Fluorine Atom in (AlEt) 7 (C=CHPh) 2 (CCH 2 Ph) 3 (μ 3 -F) versus a Terminal Chlorine Atom in (AlMe) 7 (AlCl)(CCH 2 Ph) 5 H.” Organometallics 20 (2001): 5478-5484.
- Uhl, Werner, Frank Breher, Alphonse Mbonimana, Jürgen Gauss, Detlev Haase, Arne Lützen, and Wolfgang Saak. “New Carbaalanes - (AlMe) 8 (CCH 2 Me) 5 (C≡C-Me) and the THF Adduct (AlMe) 8 (CCH 2 Me) 5 H·2THF.” Eur J Inorg Chem 2001: 3059-3066.
- Uhl, Werner, Maike Benter, Sandra Melle, Wolfgang Saak Gernot Frenking, and Jamal Uddin. “Synthesis and Structure of [Ni{Ga-C(SiMe 3 ) 3 } 4 ] and Quantum-Chemical Verification of Strong π Back-Bonding in the Model Compounds [Ni(EMe) 4 ] (E = B, Al, Ga, In, Tl).” Organometallics 18 (1999): 3778-3780.
- Su, Jianrui, Xiao-Wang Li, and Gregory H. Robinson. “2,6-Bis(2,4,6-triisopropylphenyl)phenyl as an extraordinarily bulky ligand in organometallic chemistry. Synthesis and molecular structure of (Mes* 2 C 6 H 3 )MCl 2 ] 2 (M = Ga, In; Mes* = C 6 H 2 Pr i 3 -2,4,6).” Chem Commun (1998): 2015-2016.
- Robinson, Gregory H. “Gallanes, Gallenes, Cyclogallenes, and Gallynes: Organometallic Chemistry about the Gallium-Gallium Bond.” Acc Chem Res 32 (1999): 773-782.
- Xie, Y., P. R. Schreiner, H. F. Schaefer, III, X. -W. Li, and G. H. Robinson. “Are Cyclogallenes [M 2 (GaH) 3 ] (M = Li, Na, K) Aromatic?” J Am Chem Soc (Article) 118, no. 43 (1996): 10635-10639.
- Su, J., X. -W. Li, R. C. Crittendon, C. F. Campana, and G. H. Robinson. “Experimental Confirmation of an Iron-Gallium Multiple Bond: Synthesis, Structure, and Bonding of a Ferrogallyne.” Organometallics (Communication) 16, no. 21 (1997): 4511-4513.
- Su, J., X. -W. Li, R. C. Crittendon, and G. H. Robinson. “How Short is a -Ga≡Ga- Triple Bond? Synthesis and Molecular Structure of Na 2 [Mes* 2 C 6 H 3 -Ga≡Ga-C 6 H 3 Mes* 2 ] (Mes* = 2,4,6- i -Pr 3 C 6 H 2 ): The First Gallyne.” J Am Chem Soc (Communication) 119, no. 23 (1997): 5471-5472.
- Robinson, Gregory H. “On the Organometallic Chemistry of Gallium and the Dynamics of Ga-Ga Bond Formation.” Chem Commun (2000): 2175-2181.
- Grutzmacher, H, and TF Fassler. “Topographical Analyses of Homonuclear Multiple Bonds between Main Group Elements.” Chemistry 6, no. 13 (Jul 3, 2000): 2317-25.
- Xie, Y., R. S. Grev, J. Gu, H. F. Schaefer, III, P. v. R. Schleyer, J. Su, X. -W. Li, and G. H. Robinson. “The Nature of the Gallium-Gallium Triple Bond.” J Am Chem Soc (Article) 120, no. 15 (1998): 3773-3780.
- Greenwood, Norman, and A. Earnshaw. Chemistry of Elements . Oxford, UK: Elsevier Science, 1997. ISBN: 9780750633659.
- Bader, Richard F. Atoms in Molecules: A Quantum Theory . Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, Inc., 1994. ISBN: 9780198558651.
Prerequisites & course information
Prereq: 5.03 ; Coreq: 5.04 G (Fall; second half of term) 2-0-4 units
Sources
- Course catalogue ↗2026–2027
- MIT OpenCourseWare ↗Spring 2005
- MIT OCW readings ↗
- MIT OCW syllabus ↗
- MIT OCW calendar ↗
- Historical MIT OpenCourseWare offering. Named reading entries and schedule topics are automatically extracted from the linked source pages.