6.780
Control of Manufacturing Processes (SMA 6303)
Spring 2008
Topics
- Introduction — processes and variation framework
- Semiconductor process variation
- Mechanical process variation — physical causes and interpreting data
- Probability models of manufacturing processes
- Probability models, parameter estimation, and sampling
- Sampling distributions and statistical hypotheses
- Shewhart SPC and process capability
- Process capability and alternative SPC methods
- Advanced and multivariate SPC
- Yield modeling
- Introduction to analysis of variance
- Full factorial models
- Modeling testing and fractional factorial models
- Aliasing and higher order models
- Response surface modeling and process optimization
- Process robustness
- Nested variance components
- Sequential experimentation: “Experimentation and Robust Design and Engineering Systems.”
- Case study 1: tungsten CVD DOE/RSM
- Case study 2: cycle to cycle control
- Case study 3: spatial modeling
- Case study 4: “Modeling the Embossing/Imprinting of Thermoplastic Layers.”
- Project presentations 1
- Project presentations 2
Readings
- Montgomery, Douglas C. Introduction to Statistical Quality Control. 5th ed. New York, NY: Wiley, 2004. ISBN: 9780471656319.
- May, Gary S., and Costas J. Spanos. Fundamentals of Semiconductor Manufacturing and Process Control . Hoboken, NJ: Wiley-Interscience, 2006. ISBN: 9780471784067.
- Boning, Duane S., et al. “A General Semiconductor Process Modeling Framework.” IEEE Transactions on Semiconductor Manufacturing 5 (November 1992): 266-280.
- Ciplickas, Dennis J., et al. “Predictive Yield Modeling of VLSIC’s.” IEEE 5th International Workshop on Statistical Metrology (June 2000): 28-37.
- Stapper, Charles H., and Raymond J. Rosner. “Integrated Circuit Yield Management and Yield Analysis: Development and Implementation.” IEEE Transactions on Semiconductor Manufacturing 8 (May 1995): 95-102.
- Drain, Davis. “Variance Components and Process Sampling Design.” Chapter 3 in Statistical Methods for Industrial Process Control . New York, NY: Chapman & Hall, 1996. ISBN: 9780412085116.
- Rzepniewski, Adam K., et al. “Cycle-to-Cycle Control of Multivariable Manufacturing Processes with Process Model Uncertainty.” ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition (2004): IMECE2004-61783.
- Guo, Ruey-Shan, and Emanuel Sachs. “Modeling, Optimization, and Control of Spatial Uniformity in Manufacturing Processes.” IEEE Transactions on Semiconductor Manufacturing 6 (February 1993): 41-57.
- Davis, Joseph C., et al. “A Robust Metric for Measuring Within-Wafer Uniformity.” IEEE Transactions on Components, Packaging, and Manufacturing Technology C 19 (October 1996): 283-289.
- Mozumder, Purnendu K., and Lee M. Loewenstein. “Method for Semiconductor Process Optimization Using Functional Representations of Spatial Variations and Selectivity.” IEEE Transactions on Components, Hybrids, and Manufacturing Technology 15 (June 1992): 311-316.
Spring 2003 · Semiconductor Manufacturing
Topics
- Overview of Semiconductor Manufacturing
- Statistics Review: Distributions
- Statistics Review: Estimation
- Hypothesis Tests and Control Chart Introduction
- Control Charts
- Advanced Control Charts, Nested Variance
- Analysis and Design of Experiments
- ANOVA, Variance Component Estimation
- MANOVA, Factorial Experiments
- Design of Experiments and Response Surface Modeling
- RSM and Regression
- Yield Management and Modeling
- Yield Modeling
- Spatial Modeling
- Sensors and Signals
- PCA and Time Series
- Run by Run Control
- Real Time Control, Scheduling
- Scheduling
- Planning
- Factory Design and Efficiency
Readings
- May, Gary S., and Costas J. Spanos. “Introduction to Semiconductor Manufacturing copyright 2002.” Chapter 1 in Fundamentals of Semiconductor Manufacturing and Process Control. July 2002, pp. 1-22. ISBN: 0471784060.
- Montgomery, D. C. “Inferences about Process Quality.” Chapter 3 in Introduction to Statistical Quality Control. 1st ed. New York, NY: Wiley, 1985. ISBN: 0471808709.
- Webster, J. G., ed. Encyclopedia of Electrical Engineering. New York, NY: Wiley, 1999. Pp. 463-479. ISBN: 0471139467.
- Moore, Gordon E. “The Experts Look Ahead. Cramming more Components onto Integrated Circuits.” Electronics 38, no. 8 (April 19, 1965).
- Appendix A: Electronic Genie: Patric Haggerty’s Forcecast (1964). University of Illinois Press.
- LEC #: 3 · TOPICS: Statistics Review: Estimation · READINGS: Montgomery. Introduction to Statistical Quality Control. 3rd ed. pp. 113-116. ISBN: 0471303534.
- LEC #: 4 · TOPICS: Hypothesis Tests and Control Chart Introduction · READINGS: Drain, David. “Variance Components and Process Sampling Design.” Chapter 3 in Statistical Methods for Industrial Process Control. New York, NY: Chapman and Hall. ISBN: 0412085119.
- Clark, Thomas E., M. Chang, and Cissy Leung. “Response Surface Modeling of High Pressure Chemical Vapor Deposited Blanket Tungsten.” J Vac Sci Technol B 9, no. 3 (May/June 1991). Copyright 1991 American Vacuum Society.
- May, Gary S., and Costas J. Spanos. “Yield Modeling.” Chapter 5 in Fundamentals of Semiconductor Manufacturing and Process Control . January 2002. ISBN: 0471784060.
- ———. “Statistical Experimental Design.” Chapter 7 in Fundamentals of Semiconductor Manufacturing and Process Control . May 2002. ISBN: 0471784060.
- Ciplickas, D. J., X. Li, and A. J. Strojwas. “Predictive Yield Modeling of VLSIC’s.” 5th International Workshop on Statistical Metrology (IWSM). IEEE (June 2000): 28-37. Honolulu, HA.
- Stapper, Charles H., and Raymond J. Rosner. “Integrated Circuit Yield Management and Yield Analysis: Development and Implementation.” IEEE Transactions on Semiconductor Manufacturing 8, no. 2 (May 1995).
- Davis, J. C., R. S. Gyurcsik, J-C Lu, and J. M. Hughes-Oliver. “A Robust Metric for Measuring Within-Wafer Uniformity.” IEEE Transations on Components, Packaging, and Manufacturing Technology - Part C 19, no. 4 (Oct 1996).
- Guo, R-S., and E. Sachs. “Modeling, Optimization and Control of Spatial Uniformity in Manufacturing Processes.” IEEE Transactions on Semiconductor Manufacturing , 6, no. 1 (February 1993).
- May, Gary S., and Costas J. Spanos. “Statistical Process Control.” Chapter 6 in Fundamentals of Semiconductor Manufacturing and Process Control. December 2001. ISBN: 0471784060.
- Mozumder, P. K., and L. M. Loewenstein. “Method for Semiconductor Process Optimization Using Functional Representations of Spatial Variations and Selectivity.” IEEE Transactions on Components, Hybrids, and Manufacturing Technology, 15, no. 3 (June 1992).
- LEC #: 14 · TOPICS: Spatial Modeling · READINGS: Spanos, C. J., Guo H-F, A. Miller, and J. Levine-Parrill. “Real-Time Statistical Process Control Using Tool Data.” IEEE Transactions on Semiconductor Manufacturing 5, no. 4 (November 1992).
- LEC #: 15 · TOPICS: Sensors and Signals · READINGS: Sachs, E., A. Hu, and A. Ingolfsson. “Run by Run Process Control: Combining SPC and Feedback Control.” IEEE Transactions on Semiconductor Manufacturing 8, no. 1 (February 1995).
- SCRAP? Schaper, C., M. Moslehi, K. Saraswat, and T. Kailath. “Control of MMST RTP: Repeatability, Uniformity, and Integration for Flexible Manufacturing.” IEEE Transactions on Semiconductor Manufacturing 7, no. 2 (May 1994).
- SCRAP? Knight, T. J., D. W. Greve, X. Cheng, and B. H. Krogh. “Real-Time Multivariable Control of PECVD Silicon Nitride Film Properties.” IEEE Transactions on Semiconductor Manufacturing 10, no. 1 (February 1997).
- Gershwin, S. B. “Markoc Chains and Processes.” Chapter 2 in Manufacturing Systems Engineering . Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1993. ISBN: 013560608X.
- Wein, L. M. “Scheduling Semiconductor Wafer Fabrication.” IEEE Transactions on Semiconductor Manufacturing 1, no. 3 (August 1988).
- Cunningham, S. P., and J. G. Shanthikumar. “Empirical Results on the Relationship Between Die Yield and Cycle Time in Semiconductor Wafer Fabrication.” IEEE Transactions on Semiconductor Manufacturing 9, no. 2 (May 1996).
- Ehteshami, B., R. G. Petrakian, and P. M. Shabe. “Trade-Offs in Cycle Time Management: Hot Lots.” IEEE Transactions on Semiconductor Manufacturing 5, no. 2 (May 1992).
- Glassey, C. R., and M. G. C. Resende. “Closed-Loop Job Release Control for VLSI Circuit Manufacturing.” IEEE Transactions on Semiconductor Manufacturing 1, no. 1 (February 1988).
- Leachman, R. C. “Closed-Loop Measurement of Equipment Efficiency and Equipment Capacity.” IEEE Transactions on Semiconductor Manufacturing 10, no. 1 (February 1997).
- Leachman, R. C., and D. A. Hodges. “Benchmarking Semiconductor Manufacturing.” IEEE Transactions on Semiconductor Manufacturing 9, no. 2 (May 1996).
- Lu, S. C. H., D. Ramaswamy, and P. R. Kumar. “Efficient Scheduling Policies to Reduce Mean and Variance of Cycle-Time in Semiconductor Manufacturing Plants.” IEEE Transactions Semiconductor Manufacturing 7, no. 3 (August 1994).
- Miller, D. J. “Simulation of a Semiconductor Manufacturing Line.” Communications of the ACM 33, no. 10 (October 1990).
- Uzsoy, R., C-Y, Lee, and L. A. Martin-Vega. “A Review of Production Planning and Scheduling Models in the Semiconductor Industry. Part I: System Characteristics, Performance Evaluation and Production Planning.” IIE Transactions 24, no. 4 (1992).
- ———. “A Review of Production Planning and Scheduling Models in the Semiconductor Industry. Part II: Shop-Floor Control.” IIE Transactions 26, no. 5 (September 1994).
- Wein, L. M. “On the Relationship Between Yield and Cycle Time in Semiconductor Wafer Fabrication.” IEEE Transaction on Semiconductor Manufacturing 5, no. 2 (May 1992).
- Wood, S. C. “Cost and Cycle Time Performance of Fabs Based on Integrated Single-Wafer Professing.” IEEE Transactions on Semiconductor Manufacturing 10, no. 1 (February 1997).
- Gershwin, S. “Linear Programming.” Chapter 7 in Manufacturing Systems Engineering . Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1993. ISBN: 013560608X.
- Hung, Y-F. and R. C. Leachman. “A Production Planning Methodology for Semiconductor Manufacturing Based on Iterative Simulation and Linear Programming Calculations.” IEEE Transactions on Semiconductor Manufacturing 9, no. 2 (May 1996).
- Leachman, R. C., and T. F. Carmon. “On Capacity Modeling for Production Planning with Alternative Machine Types.” IIE Transactions 24, no. 4 (September 1994).
- Leachman, R. C. and D. A. Hodges. “Benchmarking Semiconductor Manufacturing.” IEEE Transactions on Semiconductor Manufacturing 9, no. 2 (May 1996).
- McGehee, J., J. Hebley, and J. Mahaffey. “The MMST Computer-Integrated Manufacturing System Framework.” IEEE Transactions on Semiconductor Manufacturing 7, no. 2 (May 1994).
- Wood, S. C. “Cost and Cycle Time Performance of Fabs Based on Integrated Single-Wafer Processing.” IEEE Transactions on Semiconductor Manufacturing 10, no. 1 (February 1997).
- Cai, H. and X. Xie. “Copper Electrochemical Deposition Topography Regression.” 6.780 Semiconductor Manufacturing Term Project, May 12, 2003.
- Chandler, T., and S. Hung. “Analysis of Variation Sources in Ring Oscillator Layouts (May 2003)”.
- Montgomery, D. C. Introduction to Statistical Quality Control. 4th ed. New York, NY: Wiley, 2000. ISBN: 0471316482. Note that the fourth edition has material and examples drawn from semiconductor manufacturing, and is much preferred over the 1st edition.
- Drain, D. Statistical Methods for Industrial Process Control. New york, NY: Chapman and Hall, 1997. ISBN: 0412085119. This book is focused on statistical methods for semiconductor manufacturing.
- Handbook of Semiconductor Manufacturing Technology . Edited by Y. Nishi and R. Doering. New York, NY: Marcel Dekker, 2000. ISBN: 0824787838. A broad coverage of both process technology and manufacturing issues.
- Statistical Methods Texts focused on Semiconductor Manufacturing.
- Drain, D. Handbook of Experimental Methods for Process Improvement. New York, NY: Chapman and Hall, 1997. ISBN: 0412127016.
- Statistical Case Studies for Industrial Process Improvement. Edited by V. Czitrom and P. D. Spagon. ASA-SIAM, 1997. ISBN: 0898713943.
- Statistical Applications in Process Control . Edited by J. B. Keats, and D. C. Montgomery. New York, NY: Marcel Dekker, 1996. ISBN: 0824797116.
- Phadke, M. S. Quality Engineering Using Robust Design. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1989. ISBN: 0137451679.
- Walker, D. M. H. Yield Simulation for Integrated Circuits. Boston, MA: Kluwer, 1987. ISBN: 0898382440.
- Xiao, Hong. Introduction to Semiconductor Manufacturing Technology. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 2001. ISBN: 0130224049.
- Plummer, J. D., M. Deal, and P. B. Griffin. Silicon VLSI Technology – Fundamentals, Practice and Modeling. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 2000. ISBN: 0130850373.
- Microelectronics Manufacturing Diagnostics Handbook. Edited by A. H. Landzberg. New York, NY: Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1993. ISBN: 0442004710.
- Handbook of Silicon Semiconductor Metrology. Edited by A. C. Diebold. New York, NY: Marcel Dekker, 2001. ISBN: 0824705068.
- Wolf, S., and R. N. Tauber. Silicon Processing for the VLSI Era: Volume 1 - Process Technology. Sunset Beach, CA: Lattice Press, 1986. ISBN: 0961672137.
- Box, G. E. P., W. G. Hunter, and J. S. Hunter. Statistics for Experimenters. New York, NY: Wiley-Interscience, 1978. ISBN: 0471093157.
- Miller, R. G., Jr. Beyond Anova: Basics of Applied Statistics. New York, NY: Chapman and Hall, 1997. ISBN: 0412070111.
- Ross, S. M. Introduction to Probability and Statistics for Engineers and Scientists. New York, NY: Wiley, 1987. ISBN: 047181752X.
- Spanos, A. Statistical Foundations of Econometric Modeling. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1986. ISBN: 0521269121.
- Gershwin, S. B. Manufacturing Systems Engineering. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1993. ISBN: 013560608X.
- IEEE Transactions on Semiconductor Manufacturing.
- American Statistical Society and American Society of Quality Control. Technometrics.
- Journal of Environmental Science and Technology.
- Solid State Technology. Monthly trade publication by PennWell.
- Semiconductor International. Monthly trade publication by Cahners.
- Electronic News. Weekly trade newspaper by Cahners.
Sources
- Course catalogue ↗Historical OpenCourseWare
- MIT OCW calendar ↗
- MIT OCW syllabus ↗
- MIT OCW readings ↗
- MIT OpenCourseWare ↗Spring 2003
- MIT OCW syllabus ↗
- MIT OCW calendar ↗
- MIT OCW readings ↗
- Historical MIT OpenCourseWare offering. Named reading entries and schedule topics are automatically extracted from the linked source pages.
- Historical MIT OpenCourseWare offering. Named reading entries and schedule topics are automatically extracted from the linked source pages.