everything.study
6.780

Control of Manufacturing Processes (SMA 6303)

Graduate · Historical course

Spring 2008

Topics

  • Introduction — processes and variation framework
  • Semiconductor process variation
  • Mechanical process variation — physical causes and interpreting data
  • Probability models of manufacturing processes
  • Probability models, parameter estimation, and sampling
  • Sampling distributions and statistical hypotheses
  • Shewhart SPC and process capability
  • Process capability and alternative SPC methods
  • Advanced and multivariate SPC
  • Yield modeling
  • Introduction to analysis of variance
  • Full factorial models
  • Modeling testing and fractional factorial models
  • Aliasing and higher order models
  • Response surface modeling and process optimization
  • Process robustness
  • Nested variance components
  • Sequential experimentation: “Experimentation and Robust Design and Engineering Systems.”
  • Case study 1: tungsten CVD DOE/RSM
  • Case study 2: cycle to cycle control
  • Case study 3: spatial modeling
  • Case study 4: “Modeling the Embossing/Imprinting of Thermoplastic Layers.”
  • Project presentations 1
  • Project presentations 2

Readings

  • Montgomery, Douglas C. Introduction to Statistical Quality Control. 5th ed. New York, NY: Wiley, 2004. ISBN: 9780471656319.
    Required
  • May, Gary S., and Costas J. Spanos. Fundamentals of Semiconductor Manufacturing and Process Control . Hoboken, NJ: Wiley-Interscience, 2006. ISBN: 9780471784067.
    Required
  • Boning, Duane S., et al. “A General Semiconductor Process Modeling Framework.” IEEE Transactions on Semiconductor Manufacturing 5 (November 1992): 266-280.
    Listed reading
  • Ciplickas, Dennis J., et al. “Predictive Yield Modeling of VLSIC’s.” IEEE 5th International Workshop on Statistical Metrology (June 2000): 28-37.
    Listed reading
  • Stapper, Charles H., and Raymond J. Rosner. “Integrated Circuit Yield Management and Yield Analysis: Development and Implementation.” IEEE Transactions on Semiconductor Manufacturing 8 (May 1995): 95-102.
    Listed reading
  • Drain, Davis. “Variance Components and Process Sampling Design.” Chapter 3 in Statistical Methods for Industrial Process Control . New York, NY: Chapman & Hall, 1996. ISBN: 9780412085116.
    Listed reading
  • Listed reading
  • Rzepniewski, Adam K., et al. “Cycle-to-Cycle Control of Multivariable Manufacturing Processes with Process Model Uncertainty.” ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition (2004): IMECE2004-61783.
    Listed reading
  • Guo, Ruey-Shan, and Emanuel Sachs. “Modeling, Optimization, and Control of Spatial Uniformity in Manufacturing Processes.” IEEE Transactions on Semiconductor Manufacturing 6 (February 1993): 41-57.
    Listed reading
  • Davis, Joseph C., et al. “A Robust Metric for Measuring Within-Wafer Uniformity.” IEEE Transactions on Components, Packaging, and Manufacturing Technology C 19 (October 1996): 283-289.
    Listed reading
  • Mozumder, Purnendu K., and Lee M. Loewenstein. “Method for Semiconductor Process Optimization Using Functional Representations of Spatial Variations and Selectivity.” IEEE Transactions on Components, Hybrids, and Manufacturing Technology 15 (June 1992): 311-316.
    Listed reading
Spring 2003 · Semiconductor Manufacturing

Topics

  • Overview of Semiconductor Manufacturing
  • Statistics Review: Distributions
  • Statistics Review: Estimation
  • Hypothesis Tests and Control Chart Introduction
  • Control Charts
  • Advanced Control Charts, Nested Variance
  • Analysis and Design of Experiments
  • ANOVA, Variance Component Estimation
  • MANOVA, Factorial Experiments
  • Design of Experiments and Response Surface Modeling
  • RSM and Regression
  • Yield Management and Modeling
  • Yield Modeling
  • Spatial Modeling
  • Sensors and Signals
  • PCA and Time Series
  • Run by Run Control
  • Real Time Control, Scheduling
  • Scheduling
  • Planning
  • Factory Design and Efficiency

Readings

  • May, Gary S., and Costas J. Spanos. “Introduction to Semiconductor Manufacturing copyright 2002.” Chapter 1 in Fundamentals of Semiconductor Manufacturing and Process Control. July 2002, pp. 1-22. ISBN: 0471784060.
    Listed reading
  • Montgomery, D. C. “Inferences about Process Quality.” Chapter 3 in Introduction to Statistical Quality Control. 1st ed. New York, NY: Wiley, 1985. ISBN: 0471808709.
    Listed reading
  • Webster, J. G., ed. Encyclopedia of Electrical Engineering. New York, NY: Wiley, 1999. Pp. 463-479. ISBN: 0471139467.
    Listed reading
  • Moore, Gordon E. “The Experts Look Ahead. Cramming more Components onto Integrated Circuits.” Electronics 38, no. 8 (April 19, 1965).
    Listed reading
  • Appendix A: Electronic Genie: Patric Haggerty’s Forcecast (1964). University of Illinois Press.
    Listed reading
  • LEC #: 3 · TOPICS: Statistics Review: Estimation · READINGS: Montgomery. Introduction to Statistical Quality Control. 3rd ed. pp. 113-116. ISBN: 0471303534.
    Reading assignment
  • LEC #: 4 · TOPICS: Hypothesis Tests and Control Chart Introduction · READINGS: Drain, David. “Variance Components and Process Sampling Design.” Chapter 3 in Statistical Methods for Industrial Process Control. New York, NY: Chapman and Hall. ISBN: 0412085119.
    Reading assignment
  • Clark, Thomas E., M. Chang, and Cissy Leung. “Response Surface Modeling of High Pressure Chemical Vapor Deposited Blanket Tungsten.” J Vac Sci Technol B 9, no. 3 (May/June 1991). Copyright 1991 American Vacuum Society.
    Listed reading
  • May, Gary S., and Costas J. Spanos. “Yield Modeling.” Chapter 5 in Fundamentals of Semiconductor Manufacturing and Process Control . January 2002. ISBN: 0471784060.
    Listed reading
  • ———. “Statistical Experimental Design.” Chapter 7 in Fundamentals of Semiconductor Manufacturing and Process Control . May 2002. ISBN: 0471784060.
    Listed reading
  • Ciplickas, D. J., X. Li, and A. J. Strojwas. “Predictive Yield Modeling of VLSIC’s.” 5th International Workshop on Statistical Metrology (IWSM). IEEE (June 2000): 28-37. Honolulu, HA.
    Listed reading
  • Stapper, Charles H., and Raymond J. Rosner. “Integrated Circuit Yield Management and Yield Analysis: Development and Implementation.” IEEE Transactions on Semiconductor Manufacturing 8, no. 2 (May 1995).
    Listed reading
  • Davis, J. C., R. S. Gyurcsik, J-C Lu, and J. M. Hughes-Oliver. “A Robust Metric for Measuring Within-Wafer Uniformity.” IEEE Transations on Components, Packaging, and Manufacturing Technology - Part C 19, no. 4 (Oct 1996).
    Listed reading
  • Guo, R-S., and E. Sachs. “Modeling, Optimization and Control of Spatial Uniformity in Manufacturing Processes.” IEEE Transactions on Semiconductor Manufacturing , 6, no. 1 (February 1993).
    Listed reading
  • May, Gary S., and Costas J. Spanos. “Statistical Process Control.” Chapter 6 in Fundamentals of Semiconductor Manufacturing and Process Control. December 2001. ISBN: 0471784060.
    Listed reading
  • Mozumder, P. K., and L. M. Loewenstein. “Method for Semiconductor Process Optimization Using Functional Representations of Spatial Variations and Selectivity.” IEEE Transactions on Components, Hybrids, and Manufacturing Technology, 15, no. 3 (June 1992).
    Listed reading
  • LEC #: 14 · TOPICS: Spatial Modeling · READINGS: Spanos, C. J., Guo H-F, A. Miller, and J. Levine-Parrill. “Real-Time Statistical Process Control Using Tool Data.” IEEE Transactions on Semiconductor Manufacturing 5, no. 4 (November 1992).
    Reading assignment
  • LEC #: 15 · TOPICS: Sensors and Signals · READINGS: Sachs, E., A. Hu, and A. Ingolfsson. “Run by Run Process Control: Combining SPC and Feedback Control.” IEEE Transactions on Semiconductor Manufacturing 8, no. 1 (February 1995).
    Reading assignment
  • SCRAP? Schaper, C., M. Moslehi, K. Saraswat, and T. Kailath. “Control of MMST RTP: Repeatability, Uniformity, and Integration for Flexible Manufacturing.” IEEE Transactions on Semiconductor Manufacturing 7, no. 2 (May 1994).
    Listed reading
  • SCRAP? Knight, T. J., D. W. Greve, X. Cheng, and B. H. Krogh. “Real-Time Multivariable Control of PECVD Silicon Nitride Film Properties.” IEEE Transactions on Semiconductor Manufacturing 10, no. 1 (February 1997).
    Listed reading
  • Gershwin, S. B. “Markoc Chains and Processes.” Chapter 2 in Manufacturing Systems Engineering . Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1993. ISBN: 013560608X.
    Listed reading
  • Wein, L. M. “Scheduling Semiconductor Wafer Fabrication.” IEEE Transactions on Semiconductor Manufacturing 1, no. 3 (August 1988).
    Listed reading
  • Cunningham, S. P., and J. G. Shanthikumar. “Empirical Results on the Relationship Between Die Yield and Cycle Time in Semiconductor Wafer Fabrication.” IEEE Transactions on Semiconductor Manufacturing 9, no. 2 (May 1996).
    Listed reading
  • Ehteshami, B., R. G. Petrakian, and P. M. Shabe. “Trade-Offs in Cycle Time Management: Hot Lots.” IEEE Transactions on Semiconductor Manufacturing 5, no. 2 (May 1992).
    Listed reading
  • Glassey, C. R., and M. G. C. Resende. “Closed-Loop Job Release Control for VLSI Circuit Manufacturing.” IEEE Transactions on Semiconductor Manufacturing 1, no. 1 (February 1988).
    Listed reading
  • Leachman, R. C. “Closed-Loop Measurement of Equipment Efficiency and Equipment Capacity.” IEEE Transactions on Semiconductor Manufacturing 10, no. 1 (February 1997).
    Listed reading
  • Leachman, R. C., and D. A. Hodges. “Benchmarking Semiconductor Manufacturing.” IEEE Transactions on Semiconductor Manufacturing 9, no. 2 (May 1996).
    Listed reading
  • Lu, S. C. H., D. Ramaswamy, and P. R. Kumar. “Efficient Scheduling Policies to Reduce Mean and Variance of Cycle-Time in Semiconductor Manufacturing Plants.” IEEE Transactions Semiconductor Manufacturing 7, no. 3 (August 1994).
    Listed reading
  • Miller, D. J. “Simulation of a Semiconductor Manufacturing Line.” Communications of the ACM 33, no. 10 (October 1990).
    Listed reading
  • Uzsoy, R., C-Y, Lee, and L. A. Martin-Vega. “A Review of Production Planning and Scheduling Models in the Semiconductor Industry. Part I: System Characteristics, Performance Evaluation and Production Planning.” IIE Transactions 24, no. 4 (1992).
    Listed reading
  • ———. “A Review of Production Planning and Scheduling Models in the Semiconductor Industry. Part II: Shop-Floor Control.” IIE Transactions 26, no. 5 (September 1994).
    Listed reading
  • Wein, L. M. “On the Relationship Between Yield and Cycle Time in Semiconductor Wafer Fabrication.” IEEE Transaction on Semiconductor Manufacturing 5, no. 2 (May 1992).
    Listed reading
  • Wood, S. C. “Cost and Cycle Time Performance of Fabs Based on Integrated Single-Wafer Professing.” IEEE Transactions on Semiconductor Manufacturing 10, no. 1 (February 1997).
    Listed reading
  • Gershwin, S. “Linear Programming.” Chapter 7 in Manufacturing Systems Engineering . Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1993. ISBN: 013560608X.
    Listed reading
  • Hung, Y-F. and R. C. Leachman. “A Production Planning Methodology for Semiconductor Manufacturing Based on Iterative Simulation and Linear Programming Calculations.” IEEE Transactions on Semiconductor Manufacturing 9, no. 2 (May 1996).
    Listed reading
  • Leachman, R. C., and T. F. Carmon. “On Capacity Modeling for Production Planning with Alternative Machine Types.” IIE Transactions 24, no. 4 (September 1994).
    Listed reading
  • Leachman, R. C. and D. A. Hodges. “Benchmarking Semiconductor Manufacturing.” IEEE Transactions on Semiconductor Manufacturing 9, no. 2 (May 1996).
    Listed reading
  • McGehee, J., J. Hebley, and J. Mahaffey. “The MMST Computer-Integrated Manufacturing System Framework.” IEEE Transactions on Semiconductor Manufacturing 7, no. 2 (May 1994).
    Listed reading
  • Wood, S. C. “Cost and Cycle Time Performance of Fabs Based on Integrated Single-Wafer Processing.” IEEE Transactions on Semiconductor Manufacturing 10, no. 1 (February 1997).
    Listed reading
  • Cai, H. and X. Xie. “Copper Electrochemical Deposition Topography Regression.” 6.780 Semiconductor Manufacturing Term Project, May 12, 2003.
    Listed reading
  • Chandler, T., and S. Hung. “Analysis of Variation Sources in Ring Oscillator Layouts (May 2003)”.
    Listed reading
  • Montgomery, D. C. Introduction to Statistical Quality Control. 4th ed. New York, NY: Wiley, 2000. ISBN: 0471316482. Note that the fourth edition has material and examples drawn from semiconductor manufacturing, and is much preferred over the 1st edition.
    Recommended
  • Drain, D. Statistical Methods for Industrial Process Control. New york, NY: Chapman and Hall, 1997. ISBN: 0412085119. This book is focused on statistical methods for semiconductor manufacturing.
    Recommended
  • Handbook of Semiconductor Manufacturing Technology . Edited by Y. Nishi and R. Doering. New York, NY: Marcel Dekker, 2000. ISBN: 0824787838. A broad coverage of both process technology and manufacturing issues.
    Recommended
  • Statistical Methods Texts focused on Semiconductor Manufacturing.
    Listed reading
  • Drain, D. Handbook of Experimental Methods for Process Improvement. New York, NY: Chapman and Hall, 1997. ISBN: 0412127016.
    Listed reading
  • Statistical Case Studies for Industrial Process Improvement. Edited by V. Czitrom and P. D. Spagon. ASA-SIAM, 1997. ISBN: 0898713943.
    Listed reading
  • Statistical Applications in Process Control . Edited by J. B. Keats, and D. C. Montgomery. New York, NY: Marcel Dekker, 1996. ISBN: 0824797116.
    Listed reading
  • Phadke, M. S. Quality Engineering Using Robust Design. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1989. ISBN: 0137451679.
    Listed reading
  • Walker, D. M. H. Yield Simulation for Integrated Circuits. Boston, MA: Kluwer, 1987. ISBN: 0898382440.
    Listed reading
  • Xiao, Hong. Introduction to Semiconductor Manufacturing Technology. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 2001. ISBN: 0130224049.
    Listed reading
  • Plummer, J. D., M. Deal, and P. B. Griffin. Silicon VLSI Technology – Fundamentals, Practice and Modeling. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 2000. ISBN: 0130850373.
    Listed reading
  • Microelectronics Manufacturing Diagnostics Handbook. Edited by A. H. Landzberg. New York, NY: Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1993. ISBN: 0442004710.
    Listed reading
  • Handbook of Silicon Semiconductor Metrology. Edited by A. C. Diebold. New York, NY: Marcel Dekker, 2001. ISBN: 0824705068.
    Listed reading
  • Wolf, S., and R. N. Tauber. Silicon Processing for the VLSI Era: Volume 1 - Process Technology. Sunset Beach, CA: Lattice Press, 1986. ISBN: 0961672137.
    Listed reading
  • Box, G. E. P., W. G. Hunter, and J. S. Hunter. Statistics for Experimenters. New York, NY: Wiley-Interscience, 1978. ISBN: 0471093157.
    Listed reading
  • Miller, R. G., Jr. Beyond Anova: Basics of Applied Statistics. New York, NY: Chapman and Hall, 1997. ISBN: 0412070111.
    Listed reading
  • Ross, S. M. Introduction to Probability and Statistics for Engineers and Scientists. New York, NY: Wiley, 1987. ISBN: 047181752X.
    Listed reading
  • Spanos, A. Statistical Foundations of Econometric Modeling. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1986. ISBN: 0521269121.
    Listed reading
  • Gershwin, S. B. Manufacturing Systems Engineering. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1993. ISBN: 013560608X.
    Listed reading
  • IEEE Transactions on Semiconductor Manufacturing.
    Listed reading
  • American Statistical Society and American Society of Quality Control. Technometrics.
    Listed reading
  • Journal of Environmental Science and Technology.
    Listed reading
  • Solid State Technology. Monthly trade publication by PennWell.
    Listed reading
  • Semiconductor International. Monthly trade publication by Cahners.
    Listed reading
  • Electronic News. Weekly trade newspaper by Cahners.
    Listed reading
Sources