ESD.342
Advanced System Architecture
Spring 2010 · Network Representations of Complex Engineering Systems
Topics
- Introduction and objectives
- Basic foundations for course emphasizing ways of thinking and biases
- Introduction to graphs, networks, hierarchies, and DSM’s
- MATLAB® and network representations
- Discussion and identification of focus systems; project definition
- Basic network metrics and operations
- Quantitative network fundamentals
- Canonical structures and their organizational implications
- Complexity and flexibility
- Constraints
- Network observational methods and quantitative metrics
- Student presentations on project status
- Random networks
- Decomposition methods and modeling framework
- Affiliation networks
- Technological networks and constraints
- Scaling and allometry as constraints
- Organizational structures
- Advanced models of technological systems
- Modeling organizational architecture
- Student project reports
- Studies of structure function and dynamics of complex systems
- Standards and the practice of complex system architecture, reuse and standards
- Role of materials innovation; final presentations
Readings
- Watts, Duncan. Six Degrees: The Science of a Connected Age . New York, NY: W. W. Norton & Co., 2004. ISBN: 9780393325423.
- Kitanok, Hiroaki. “Systems Biology: A Brief Overview.” Science 295 (2002): 1662-1664.
- Agre, Philip E. “Hierarchy and History in Simon’s “Architecture of Complexity.”” Journal of the Learning Sciences 12, no. 3 (2003).
- Oltvai, Zoltan N., and Albert-Laszlo Barabasi. “Life’s Complexity Pyramid.” Science 298 (2002): 763-764.
- [Six Degrees] = Watts, Duncan. Six Degrees: The Science of a Connected Age . New York, NY: W. W. Norton & Co., 2004. ISBN: 9780393325423.
- Six Degrees , chapters 1 and 2.
- “Virtual Round Table on Ten Leading Questions for Network Research.” The European Phyiscal Journal B 38 (2004): 143-145.
- Hayes, Brian. “Graph Theory in Practice: Part 1.” American Scientist 88, no. 1 (2000): 9-13.
- ———. “Graph Theory in Practice: Part 2.” American Scientist 88, no. 2 (2000): 104-109.
- Strogatz, Steven H. “Exploring Complex Networks.” Nature 410 (2001): 268-276.
- Six Degrees , chapters 3 and 4.
- LEC #: 10 · TOPICS: Constraints · READINGS: Whitney, Daniel E. “Physical Limits to Modularity.” Cambridge, MA: MIT Engineering Systems Division, 2005.
- Six Degrees , chapters 6, 7, and 8.
- Milo, R., S. Shen-Orr, et al. “Network Motifs: Simple Building Blocks of Complex Networks.” Science 298 (2002): 824-827.
- Hsieh, Mo-Han, and Christopher L. Magee. “An Algorithm and Metric for Network Decomposition from Similarity Matrices: Application to Positional Analysis.” Social Networks 30 (2008): 146-158.
- Watts, Duncan, Peter Sheridan Dodds, and M. E. J. Newman. “Identity and Search in Social Networks.” Science 296 (2002): 1302-1305.
- Six Degrees , chapter 5.
- 16 · Technological networks and constraints · Gastner, Michael T., and M. E. J. Newman. “Shape and Efficiency in Spatial Distribution Networks.” Journal of Statistical Mechanics: Theory and Experiment (2006): P01015.
- West, Geoffrey, James Brown, and Brian Enquist. “A General Model for the Origin of Scaling Laws in Biology.” Science 276, no. 5309 (1997): 122-126.
- Sloan, Alfred. “Co-Ordination by Committee,” “The Management: How it Works,” and “Change and Progress.” Chapters 7, 23, and 24 in My Years with General Motors . New York, NY: Doubleday, 1990. ISBN: 9780385042352.
- Ouchi, William G. Theory Z . New York, NY: Avon Books, 1983. ISBN: 9780380594511. Read the introduction, and chapters 1-3.
- Piore, Michael, and Charles Sabel. The Second Industrial Divide . New York, NY: Basic Books, 1986. ISBN: 9780465075614. Read chapters 6 and 9.
- Sah, Raaj Kumar, and Joseph E. Stiglitz. “Committees, Hierarchies, and Polyarchies.” The Economic Journal 98, no. 391 (1988): 451-470.
- Koh, Heebyung, and Christopher L. Magee. “A Functional Approach for Studying Technological Progress: Extension to Energy Technology.” Technological Forecasting and Social Change 75 (2008): 735–758.
- Koh, Heebyung, and Christopher L. Magee. “A Functional Approach for Studying Technological Progress: Application to Information Technology.” Technological Forecasting and Social Change 73 (2006): 1061–1083.
- David, Paul, and Shane Greenstein. “The Economics of Compatibility Standards: An Introduction to Recent Research.” Economics of Innovation and New Technology 1 (1990): 3-41.
- Cook, H. E., and A. Wu. “On the Valuation of Goods and the Selection of the Best Design Alternative.” Research in Engineering Design 13 (2001): 42-54.
- Arbesman, Samuel, Jon Kleinberg, and Steven Strogatz. “Superlinear Scaling for Innovation in Cities.” Physical Review E 79 (2009): 016115.
- Magee, Christopher L. “The Role of Materials Innovation in Overall Technological Development.” Journal of Management 62, no. 3 (2010): 20-24.
Spring 2006
Topics
- Syllabus Review - Assignment etc. Timing
- System Typologies and Systems of Interest in the Course
- Student Presentations and Discussion
- Models and Model Improvement
- Network Analysis Terminology
- Deeper Discussion of Concept of Constraints
- Linking Human and Technical Systems at the Structural Level
- Complexity and Flexibility for Canonical Structures
- Motifs
- Typology of Network Models - Predicting Structure/Metrics or Predicting “Properties” from Structure/Metrics and Level of Network Simplicity
- Short Presentation by each Student Team and Discussion
- Milgram Experiments
- Revisit System Typology
- Germany, Japan and US Cultural Influences on Organizational Structure
- Research on Organizational Theory
- Continuation of Constraints and Scaling in Engineering Systems
- Quantitative Analyses and Model Building Status
- Internet Models Including Business and Technical Tradeoffs
- Taxonomy in Early Biology
- Engineering System Evolution and the Role of Standards
- Long Team Presentations
Readings
- Course textbook: [Watts] = Watts, Duncan. Six Degrees: The Science of a Connected Age . New York, NY: W. W. Norton & Co., 2004. ISBN: 0393325423.
- Oltvai, Z. N., and A. Barabasi. “Life’s Complexity Pyramid.” Science 298 (October 25, 2002): 763-764. A brief view of biology at several levels of aggregation.
- Student Presentations and Discussion
- [Watts] Chapters 1-4
- Skilling, H. H. “Impedence Matching.” In _Electrical Engineering Circuits . New York, NY: John Wiley and Sons, 1967, pp. 128-9. ISBN: 0471794007.
- Milo, R., et al. " Network Motifs: Simple Building Blocks of Complex Networks." Science 298 (25 October 2002): 824-827.
- [Watts] Chapters 6-8
- Watts, D. J. “A simple model of global cascades on random networks.” PNAS 99, no. 9 (April 30, 2002): 5766-5771.
- [Watts] Chapter 5
- Watts, D. J., P. S. Dodds, and M. E. J. Newman. “Identity and Search in Social Networks.” Science 296 (May 17, 2002): 1302-1305. This paper (and Kleinberg 2001) introduced the idea of hierarchies in social identity and use it to model milgram’s experiment relatively successfully.
- West, G. B., J. H. Brown, and B. J. Enquist. “The 4th Dimension of Life: Fractal Geometry and Allometric Scaling of Organisms.” Science 284 (June 4, 1999): 1677-1679. A fractal derivation of 3/4 power law.
- Banavar, J. R., A. Maritan, and A. Rinaldo. “Size and form in efficient transportation networks.” Nature 399 (May 13, 1999): 130-132. An efficient transport derivation of the ¾ power law.
- Sloan, A. P. “Co-ordination by Committee,” “The Management: How It Works,” and “Change and Progress.” Chapters 7, 23, and 24 in My Years with General Motors . Darby, PA: DIANE Publishing, 2004. ISBN: 0756783666.
- Ouchi, W. G. Introduction, Chapters 1-3 in Theory Z: How American Business Can Meet the Japanese Challenge . New York, NY: Morrow/Avon, 1983. ISBN: 038059451X.
- Piore, M. J., and C. F. Sabel. “The Craft Model of Shop Floor Control,” and “The Eclipse of Craft Control in the Mass-Production Economy,” “The Pieces Repositioned: Mass and Craft Production Abroad,” and “History, Practice, and National Strategies.” Chapters 6 and 9 in The Second Industrial Divide: Possibilities for Prosperity . New York, NY: Basic Books, 1986, pp.115-124. ISBN: 0465075614.
- Guimera, R., et al. “The Worldwide Air Transportation Network.” PNAS 102, no. 22 (2005): 7794-7799. This paper is the latest (more are coming) concerning the air transport system by a group centered at Northwestern Univ.
- Doyle, J. C., et al. “The ‘Robust yet fragile’ nature of the Internet.” PNAS 102, no. 41 (2005): 14497-14502. This paper is the best summary of the important work done by a group at Cal Tech that brings engineering considerations into the network models of the Internet.
- Gould, S. J. “What, If Anything, Is a Zebra.” Chapter 28 in Hen’s Teeth and Horse’s Toes: Further Reflections in Natural History . New York, NY: W. W. Norton & Co., 1994. ISBN: 0393311031. A book chapter dealing with the issues and the history of “systematic” in Biology by one of the late 20th century’s great bioligist writers and thinkers.
- Mategna and Stanley. “Taxonomy of a Stock Portfolio.” Chapter 13 in An Introduction to Econophysics . New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, 1999. ISBN: 0521620082.
- Watts, Duncan. Six Degrees: The Science of a Connected Age . New York, NY: W.W. Norton & Co., 2004. ISBN: 0393325423.
Sources
- Course catalogue ↗Historical OpenCourseWare
- MIT OpenCourseWare ↗Spring 2010
- MIT OCW syllabus ↗
- MIT OCW readings ↗
- MIT OCW calendar ↗
- MIT OCW calendar ↗
- MIT OCW readings ↗
- MIT OCW syllabus ↗
- Historical MIT OpenCourseWare offering. Named reading entries and schedule topics are automatically extracted from the linked source pages.
- Historical MIT OpenCourseWare offering. Named reading entries and schedule topics are automatically extracted from the linked source pages.