MAS.965
Relational Machines
Fall 2008 · NextLab I: Designing Mobile Technologies for the Next Billion Users
Can you make a cellphone change the world? NextLab is a hands-on year-long design course in which students research, develop and deploy mobile technologies for the next billion mobile users in developing countries. Guided by real-world needs as observed by local partners, students work in multidisciplinary teams on term-long projects, closely collaborating with NGOs and communities at the local level, field practitioners, and experts in relevant fields. Students are expected to leverage technical ingenuity in both mobile and internet technologies together with social insight in order to address social challenges in areas such as health, microfinance, entrepreneurship, education, and civic activism. Students with technically and socially viable prototypes may obtain funding for travel to their target communities, in order to obtain the first-hand feedback necessary to prepare their technologies for full fledged deployment into the real world (subject to guidelines and limitations).
Readings
- READINGS: Session 4: planning ICT4D interventions
- READINGS: Heeks, Richard. “ICT4D 2.0: The Next Phase of Applying ICT for International Development.” IEEE Computer 41, no. 6 (June 2008): 26-33.
- READINGS: Varkevisser, Corlien M., Indra Pathmanathan, and Ann Templeton Brownlee. “Design of Research Instruments; Interview Guides and Interview Skills.” Module 10B in Designing and Conducting Health Systems Research Projects 1, 2003.
- READINGS: Session 5: economic and social conditions
- READINGS: Session 5: technology survery / ICT penetration
- READINGS: Session 7: social and cultural considerations
- READINGS: Session 9: ICT4D history
- READINGS: Surana, Sonesh, et al. “Deploying a Rural Wireless Telemedicine System: Experiences in Sustainability.” IEEE Computer 41, no. 6 (June 2008): 48-56.
- READINGS: Session 12: interfaces
- READINGS: Session 14-16: health
- READINGS: Session 19: education
- READINGS: Session 20: mobile payments and transactions
- READINGS: Session 21: environment and other applications
- READINGS: Supporting technical references
Spring 2005
Topics
- Introduction, Why Relational Machines?
- Representing and Manipulating Relationships
- Measuring Aspects of Relationships and Interactions
- Issues in Particular Populations
- Interactions with Assistive and Therapeutic Agents
- Interactions with Machine Teammates
- Guest Lecture
- Interactions with Learning Companion and Tutorial Agents
- Interaction with Trainers and Assistant Agents
- Interaction with Trainers and Assistant Agents (cont.)
- Interaction with Wearable or Ambient Agents
- Interactions with Entertainment Agents
- Sponsor Week
- Final Presentations
Readings
- Khaslavsky, Julie, and Nathan Shedroff. “Understanding the Seductive Experience.” Communications of the ACM 42, no. 5 (1999): 45-49.
- Norman, Don. “Emotional Machines.” Chapter 6 in Emotional Design . New York, NY: Basic Books, 2003. ISBN: 9780465051359.
- Fogg, B. J. “Overview of Captology.” Chapter 1 in Persuasive Technology . Amsterdam, Netherlands: Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, 2002. ISBN: 9781558606432.
- Duck, Steve. “Interaction and Daily Life in Long-term Relationships.” In Human Relationships . Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, 1998. ISBN: 9780761957102.
- Collis, Glyn M., and June McNicholas. “A Theoretical Basis for Health Benefits of Pet Ownership: Attachment Versus Psychological Support.” In Companion Animals in Human Health . Edited by Cindy C. Wilson and Dennis C. Turner. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, 1997. ISBN: 9780761910626.
- Bickmore, Tim. “Theory.” Chapter from Relational Agents: Effecting Change through Human-Computer Relationships . Ph.D. Thesis, MIT Media Lab. 2003.
- Harvey, J., and S. Hendrick. “Self-Report Methods in Studying Personal Relationships.” In Handbook of Personal Relationships: Theory, Research, and Interventions . Edited by Steve Duck. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons, 1981, pp. 99-113. ISBN: 9780471914914.
- Kenny, D. “The Analysis of Data from Two-Person Relationships.” In Handbook of Personal Relationships: Theory, Research, and Interventions . Edited by Steve Duck. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons, 1988, pp. 57-77. ISBN: 9780471914914.
- Wheeless, L. R., and J. Grotz. “The Measurement of Trust and its Relationship to Self-Disclosure.” Human Communication Research 3, no. 3 (1977): 250-257.
- Horvath, Adam O., and Leslie S. Greenberg. “Development and Validation of the Working Alliance Inventory.” Journal of Counseling Psychology 36, no. 2 (1989): 223-233.
- Forlizzi, Jodi, Carl DiSalvo, and Francine Gemperle. “Assistive Robotics and an Ecology of Elders Living Independently in Their Homes.” Human-Computer Interaction 19 (2004): 25-59.
- Kahn, Peter H., Jr., Batya Friedman, Deanne R. Perez-Granados, and Nathan G. Freier. “Robotic pets in the lives of preschool children.” In CHI Extended Abstracts . New York, NY: ACM Press, 2004, pp. 1449-1452. ISBN: 1581137036.
- Turkle, Sherry. “Technology and Human Vulnerability.” Harvard Business Review 81, no. 9 (September 2003): 43-50.
- Pineau, J., M. Montemerlo, M. Pollack, N. Roy, and Sebastian Thrun. “Towards robotic assistants in nursing homes: challenges and results.” Robotics and Autonomous Systems 3-4 (March, 2003): 271-281.
- Tamura, Toshiyo, Satomi Yonemitsu, Akiko Itoh, Daisuke Oikawa, Akiko Kawakami, Yuji Higashi, Toshito Fujimooto, and Kazuki Nakajima. “Is an Entertainment Robot Useful in the Care of Elderly People With Severe Dementia?” The Journal of Gerentology 59A (January 2004): 83-85.
- Wada, Kazuyoshi, Takanori Shibata, Tomoko Saito, and Kazuo Tanie. “Effects of Robot Assisted Activity to Elderly People who Stay at a Health Service Facility for the Aged.” IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems, 2003.
- Yanco, Holly A. “Wheelesley: A Robotic Wheelchair System: Indoor Navigation and User Interface.” In Lecture Notes in Computer Science - Technology and Artificial Intelligence: Applications in Robotics, User Interfaces, and Natural Language Processing . Edited by V. O. Mittal, H. A. Yanco, J. Aronis, and R. Simpson. New York, NY: Springer-Verlag, 1998. ISBN: 9783540647904.
- Rich, C., C. Sidner, N. Lesh, A. Garland, S. Booth, and M. Chimani. “DiamondHelp: A Collaborative Interface Framework for Networked Home Appliances.” 5th International Workshop on Smart Appliances and Wearable Computing, June 2005.
- Hoffman, G., and C. Breazeal. “Collaboration in Human-Robot Teams.” In Proceedings of AIAA First Intelligent Systems Technical Conference . Chicago, IL, 2004.
- Gross, B. “Collaborative Systems: the 1994 AAAI Presidential Address.” AI Magazine 17, no. 2 (1996): 67-85.
- Cohen, P. “Teamwork.” Nous 25 (1991): 487-512.
- Azmitia, M. “Peer interaction and problem solving. When are two heads better than one?” Child Development 59 (1988): 87-96.
- McCarthy, C. E., and M. E. Pollack. “A Plan-Based Personalized Cognitive Orthotic.” 6th International Conference on AI Planning and Scheduling, April, 2002.
- Starner, Thad. “Attention, Memory, and Wearable Interfaces.” IEEE Pervasive Computing 1, no. 4 (2002).
Fall 2004 · Social Visualization
Topics
- Introduction: What is Social Visualization?
- Social Networks: Foci, Strong and Weak Links
- Basic Design Elements: Using Color, Form and Line
- The Social Structure of Conversations
- Time, Narrative and History
- Inhabited Visualizations
- Visualizing Email
- Data Portraits
- Final Project Proposal Presentations
- Visualized Faces
- Spaces, Metaphors and Maps
- Visualization as Architecture
- Final Project
Readings
- More Examples
- Possibly Useful Software
- Readings on Perception and Design
- Tufte, Edward R. Envisioning Information . Cheshire, CT: Graphics Press. 1 May 1990. ISBN: 9780961392116.
- Required Readings
- Brilliant, Richard. Chapter 1 in Portraiture . Chicago, IL: Reaktion Books, 1 August 2004. ISBN: 9780948462191.
- Supplementary Readings
- Johnson, Mark, and George Lakoff. Metaphors We Live By. 2nd ed. Chicago, IL: University Of Chicago Press, April 15, 1980. ISBN: 9780226468013.
- Readings on Augmenting Public Space
- Readings on Ambient Displays
- Borovoy, R., F. Martin, S. Vemuri, M. Resnick, B. Silverman, and C. Hancock. “Meme tags and community mirrors: Moving from conferences to collaboration.” In Proceedings of CSCW ‘98. Seattle, WA: Nov. 1998, pp. 14-19.
- Smith, Marc. “Netscan: measuring and mapping the social structure of Usenet.” In Communities in Cyberspace . London: Routledge (in press), 1998.
- Ahlberg, C., and B. Shneiderman. “Visual information seeking: Tight coupling of dynamic query filters with starfield displays.” In Human Factors in Computing Systems CHI ‘94 Conference Proceedings. 1994, pp. 313-317.
- Eick, Stephen G., and Graham J. Wills. “Navigating Large Networks with Hierarchies.” In Visualization ‘93 Conference Proceedings. San Jose, California: October 1993, pp. 204-210, 25-29.
- Kautz, Henry, Bart Selman, and Mehul Shah. “The hidden web.” AI Magazine 18, no. 2 (Summer 1997): 27-36.
- Munzner, T., and P. Burchard. “Visualizing the Structure of the World Wide Web in 3D Hyperbolic Space.” In Proceedings of the VRML ‘95 Symposium. San Diego, CA: December 13-16, 1995, pp. 33-38.
- Albers, Josef. Interaction of Color. Revised ed. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, September 10, 1975. ISBN: 9780300018462.
- Zakia, Richard D. “Art and Visual Perception.” In Perception and Imaging. 2nd ed. Boston, MA: Focal Press, December 2001. p. 18. ISBN: 9780240804668.
- Harris, Robert L. “The Semiology of Graphics.” In Information Graphics: A Comprehensive Illustrated Reference. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, December 13, 1999. ISBN: 9780195135329.
- Nielson, Gregory M., Heinrich Mueller, and Hans Hagen, eds. “Scientific Visualization Overviews, Methodologies and Techniques.” IEEE. Washington, DC: Computer Science Press, March 1997, pp. 191-210. ISBN: 9780818677779.
Fall 2003 · Special Topics in Media Technology: Cooperative Machines
Topics
- Introduction to Course
- Philosophy
- Development of Theory of Mind
- Models of Theory of Mind
- Reading Behavior, Reading Minds: Primates
- Reading Behavior, Reading Minds: Children
- Toward Machines with ToM
- Joint Intention and Action
- Teamwork
- Robot Teams
- Collaborative Discourse Theory
- Task-oriented Dialogs
- Collaborative Learning
- Systems: Human Machine Collaboration
- Student Presentations of Term Projects
Readings
- Meltzoff, and J. Decety. “What Imitation Tells Us about Social Cognition: A Rapproachment between Developmental Psychology and Cognitive Neuroscience.” Phil. Trans. R. Soc. London B 358 (2003): 491-500.
- Cohen, S. Baron. “Precursers to a Theory of Mind: Understanding Attention in Others.” Chapter 16 in Natural Theories of Mind . Edited by Andrew Whiten. Malden, MA: Blackwell, January 1993. ISBN: 9780631185529.
- Wellman, H. “From Desires to Beliefs: Acquisition of a Theory of Mind.” Chapter 2 in Natural Theories of Mind . Edited by Andrew Whiten. Malden, MA: Blackwell, January 1993. ISBN: 9780631185529.
- Gopnick, A., and H. Wellman. “Why the Child’s Theory of Mind Really Is a Theory.” Mind and Language 7, no. 1-2 (1992): 145-171.
- Carey, S., and E. Spelke. “Science and Knowledge.” Philosophy of Science 63 (1996): 515-533.
- Background Readings
- Gordon R. “Folk Psychology as Simulation.” Mind and Language 3, no. 2 (1986): 158-171.
- Nichols, S., S. Stich, A. Leslie, and D. Klein. “Variations of Off-line Simulation.” Chapter 4 in Theories of Theories of Mind . Edited by Peter Carruthers, and Peter K. Smith. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, February 23, 1996. ISBN: 9780521559164.
- Whiten, A. “When does Smart Behavior-reading become Mind-reading.” Chapter 17 in Theories of Theories of Mind . Edited by Peter Carruthers, and Peter K. Smith. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 23 February 1996. ISBN: 9780521559164.
- Povinelli, D. “Chimpanzee Theory of Mind? The Long Road to Strong Inference.” Chapter 18 in Theories of Theories of Mind . Edited by Peter Carruthers, and Peter K. Smith. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 23 February 1996. ISBN: 9780521559164.
- Butterworth, G. “Theory of Mind and the Facts of Embodiment.” Chapter 6 in Children’s Early Understanding of Mind . Edited by Charles Lewis, and Peter Mitchell. London, UK: Psychology Press, May 1, 1994. ISBN: 9780863773334.
- Gleissner, B., A. Meltzoff, and H. Bekkering. “Children’s Coding of Human Action: Cognitive Factors Influencing Imitation in 3 Year Olds.” Developmental Science 3, no. 4 (2000): 405-414.
- Baldwin, D., and J. Baird. “Discerning Intensions in Dynamic Human Action.” Trends in Cognitive Science 5, no. 4 (2001): 171-178.
- Optional Readings
- Schultz, T. “From Agency to Intention: A Rule-based, Computational Approach.” Chapter 6 in Theories of Theories of Mind . Edited by Peter Carruthers, and Peter K. Smith. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 23 February 1996.
- Mataric, M. “Getting Humanoids to Move and Imitate.” IEEE Intelligent Systems (July 2000): 18-24.
- Scassellati, B. “Foundations of Theory of Mind for a Humanoid Robot.” PhD Thesis , MIT Dept EECS. Cambridge, MA, 2000, selected chapters: 3, 7, 9, 10, 11.
- Breazeal, C., D. Bushbaum, J. Gray, and B. Blumberg. “Learning From and About Others: Towards Using Imitation to Bootstrap the Social Competence of Robots.” In Artificial Life , 2004.
- Scassellati, B. “Theory of Mind for a Humanoid Robot.” In Proceedings of Humanoids 2000 . Cambridge, MA, 2000.
- Bratman, M. “Shared Cooperative Activity.” The Philosophical Review 101, no. 2 (1992): 327-341.
- Levesque, H., P. Cohen, and J. Nunes (1994). “On Acting Together.” In Proceedings of the Eighth National Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-90) . Boston, MA, 1990, pp. 94-99.
- Optional Readings Sullivan, D., A. Glass, B. Grosz, and S. Kraus. “Intention Reconciliation in the Context of Teamwork: An Initial Empirical Investigation.” In Cooperative Information Agents III, Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence . Vol 1652. Edited by Klusch, Shehory, and Weiss. Berlin: Springer Verlag, 1999, pp. 149-162.
- Jones, H., and P. Hinds. “Extreme Work Teams: Using SWAT Teams as a Model for Coordinating Distributed Robots.” In Proceedings of CSCW 2002 . Hyatt Regency, New Orleans, LA: ACM Press, November 16-20, 2002. ISBN: 9781581135602.
- Stone, P., and M. Veloso. “Task Decomposition, Dynamic Role Assignment, and Low-Bandwidth Communication for Real-Time Strategic Teamwork.” Artificial Intelligence 110, no. 2 (1999): 241-273.
- Stone, P., and M. Veloso. “Towards Collaborative and Adversarial Learning: A Case Study in Robotic Soccer.” In Proceedings of IJHCS . 1996.
- Veloso, M., P. Stone, and M. Bowling. “Anticipation: A Key for Collaboration in a Team of Agents.” In Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Autonomous Agents . 1998.
- Rich, C., C. Sidner, and N. Lesh. “Collagen: Applying Collaborative Discourse Theory to Human-Computer Interaction.” AI Magazine , Winter 2001, 15-25.
- Grosz, B., and C. Sidner. “Attention, Intentions, and the Structure of Discourse.” Computational Linguistics 12, no. 3 (1986): 175-202.
- Lochbaum, K. “A Collaborative Planning Model for Intentional Structure.” Computational Linguistics 4, no. 24 (1998): 525-571.
- Lesh, N., C. Rich, and C. L. Sidner. “Using Plan Recognition in Human-Computer Collaboration.” In Proceedings of the International Conference on User Modelling (UM-99) . 1999.
- Cohen, P., H. Levesque, J. Nunes, and S. Oviatt. “Task-oriented Dialogue as a Consequence of Joint Activity.” In Proceedings of PRICAI-90 . 1990, pp. 203-208.
- Grice, H. “Logic and Conversation.” In Syntax & Semantics: Speech Acts . Vol. 3. Edited by P. Cole, and J. Morgan. New York: Academic Press, 1975, pp. 41-58.
- Duncan, S. “On the Structure of Speaker-Auditor Interaction during Speaking Turns.” Lang. Soc. 2 (1973): 160-180.
- Chovil, N. “Discourse-Oriented Facial Displays in Conversation.” Research on Language and Social Interaction 25 (1992): 163-194.
- Argyle, M., R. Ingham, F. Alkema, and M. McCallin. “The Different Functions of Gaze.” Semiotica . 1973.
- McClave, E. “Linguistic Functions of Head Movements in the Context of Speech.” Journal of Pragmatics 32 (2000): 855-878.
- Smith, I., P. Cohen, J. Bradshaw, M. Greaves, and H. Holmback. (1990). “Designing Conversation Policies Using Joint Intention Theory.” In Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Multi-Agent Systems (ICMAS98) . 1998.
- Nicolescu, M., and M. Mataric. “Natural Methods for Robot Task Learning: Instructive Demonstrations, Generalization and Practice.” In Proceedings of AAMAS 2003 . Melbourne, Australia, 2003.
- Tan, M. “Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning: Independent vs. Cooperative Agents.” In Readings in Agents . Edited by Michael N. Huhns, and Munindar P. Singh. San Francisco, CA: Morgan Kaufmann, October 1, 1997, pp. 487-494. ISBN: 9781558604957.
- Rickel, J., N. Lesh, C. Rich, C. Sidner, and A. Gertner. “Collaborative Discourse Theory as a Foundation for Tutorial Dialog.” In Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Intelligent Tutoring Systems . Berlin: Springer Verlag, 2002, pp. 512-551.
- Allen J., et. al. “The TRAINS Project: A Case Study in Building a Conversational Planning Agent.” In Technical Note 94-3 . University of Rochester, Computer Science Department, 1994.
- Lesh, N., C. Rich, and C. Sidner. “Collaborating with Focused and Unfocused Users under Imperfect Communication.” In Proceedings of the International Conference on User Modelling . Berlin: Springer Verlag, 2001, pp. 64-73.
Sources
- Course catalogue ↗Historical OpenCourseWare
- MIT OpenCourseWare ↗Fall 2008
- MIT OCW syllabus ↗
- MIT OCW readings ↗
- MIT OCW calendar ↗
- MIT OCW syllabus ↗
- MIT OCW readings ↗
- MIT OpenCourseWare ↗Fall 2004
- MIT OCW calendar ↗
- MIT OCW readings ↗
- MIT OCW syllabus ↗
- MIT OpenCourseWare ↗Fall 2003
- MIT OCW syllabus ↗
- MIT OCW calendar ↗
- MIT OCW readings ↗
- Historical MIT OpenCourseWare offering. Named reading entries and schedule topics are automatically extracted from the linked source pages.
- Historical MIT OpenCourseWare offering. Named reading entries and schedule topics are automatically extracted from the linked source pages.
- Historical MIT OpenCourseWare offering. Named reading entries and schedule topics are automatically extracted from the linked source pages.
- Historical MIT OpenCourseWare offering. Named reading entries and schedule topics are automatically extracted from the linked source pages.