Attitudes and Persuasion

Required: Petty, R. E., and Cacioppo, J. T. (1996). Attitudes and persuasion: Classic and contemporary approaches. Westview Press.

Supplementary Readings

Week 4:

Topic 1 (Evaluating the MODE Theory of Attitude-Behaviour Consistency):

Fazio, R. H. (1990). Multiple processes by which attitudes guide behavior: The MODE model as an

integrative framework. In L. Berkowitz (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology (Vol.

23, pp. 75-109). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.

Fazio, R. H., & Towles-Schwen, T. (1999). The MODE model of attitude-behavior processes. In S.

Chaiken & Y. Trope (Eds.), Dual -process theories in social psychology (pp. 97-116). New York,

NY: Guilford.

Ajzen, I., & Fishbein, M. (2005). The influence of attitudes on behavior. In D. Albarricín, B. T. Johnson,

& M. P. Zanna, The handbook of attitudes (pp. 173-221). New York, NY: Erlbaum.

Neal, D. T., Wood, W., Wu, M., & Kurlander, D. (2011). The Pull of the past: When do habits persist

despite conflict with motives? Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 37, 1428-1437.

Fabrigar, L. R., Wegener, D. T., & MacDonald, T. K. (2010). Distinguishing between prediction and

influence: Multiple processes underlying attitude-behavior consistency. In C. R. Agnew, D. E.

Carlston, W. G. Graziano, & J. R. Kelly (Eds.), Then a miracle occurs: Focusing on behavior in

social psychological theory and research (pp. 162-185). New York, NY: Oxford University

Press.

Topic 2 (Meta-attitudinal versus Operative Measures of Attitude Attributes):

Bassili, J. N. (1996). Meta-judgmental versus operative indexes of psychological attributes: The case of

measures of attitude strength. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 71, 637-653.

Haddock, G., Rothman, A. J., Reber, R., & Schwarz, N. (1999). Forming judgments of attitude certainty,

intensity, and importance: The role of subjective experiences. Personality and Social Psychology

Bulletin, 25, 771-782.

Boninger, D. S., Krosnick, J. A., Berent, M. K., & Fabrigar, L. R. (1995). The causes and consequences

of attitude importance. In R. E. Petty & J. A. Krosnick (Eds.), Attitude strength: Antecedents and

consequences. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.

Tormala, Z. L., & Rucker, D. D. (2007). Attitude certainty: A review of past findings and emerging

perspectives. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 1, 469-492.

Petty, R. E., Brinol, P., Tormala, Z. L., & Wegener, D. T. (2007). The role of metacognition in social

judgment. In A. W. Kruglanski & E. T. Higgins (Eds.), Social psychology: Handbook of basic

principles (2nd Ed., pp. 254-282). New York, NY: Guilford.

See, Y. H. M., Petty, R. E., & Fabrigar, L. R. (2008). Affective and cognitive meta-bases of attitudes:

Unique effects on information interest and persuasion. Journal of Personality and Social

Psychology, 94, 938-955.

Week 7:

Topic 1 (Do Implicit Attitudes Exist and If So What Are They?):

Petty, R. E., Fazio, R. H., & Brinol, P. (2009). The new implicit measures: An overview. In R. E. Petty,

R. H. Fazio, & P. Brinol (Eds.), Attitudes: Insights from the new implicit measures (pp. 3-18).

New York, NY: Psychology Press.

Greenwald, A. G., & Banaji, M. R. (1995). Implicit social cognition: Attitudes, self-esteem, and

stereotypes. Psychological Review, 102, 4-27.

Wilson, T. D., Lindsey, S., & Schooler, T. Y. (2000). A model of dual attitudes. Psychological Review,

107, 101-126.

Greenwald, A. G., & Nosek, B. A. (2009). Attitudinal dissociation: What does it mean? In R. E. Petty,

R. H. Fazio, & P. Brinol (Eds.), Attitudes: Insights from the new implicit measures (pp. 85-117).

Olson, M. A., & Fazio, R. H. (2009). Implicit and explicit measures of attitudes: The perspective of the

MODE model. In R. E. Petty, R. H. Fazio, & P. Brinol (Eds.), Attitudes: Insights from the new

implicit measures (pp. 19-63). New York, NY: Psychology Press.

Petty, R. E., Briñol, P., & DeMarree, K. G. (2007). The meta-cognitive model (MCM) of attitudes:

Implications for attitude measurement, change, and strength. Social Cognition, 25, 657-686.

Topic 2 (Evaluating the Message Learning Theory)

McGuire, W. J. (1968). Personality and attitude change: An information-processing theory. In A. G.

Greenwood, T. C. Brock, & T. M. Ostrom (Eds.), Psychological foundations of attitudes (pp. 171-

196). New York: Academic Press.

McGuire, W. J. (1972). Attitude change: The information-processing paradigm. In C. G. McClintock

(Ed), Experimental social psychology (pp. 108-141). New York, NY: Holt, Rinehart, & Winston.

Greenwald, A. G. (1968). Cognitive learning, cognitive response to persuasion, and attitude change. In

A. G. Greenwald, T. C. Brock, & T. M. Ostron (Eds.), Psychological foundations of attitudes (pp.

147-170). New York, NY: Academic Press.

Love, R. E., & Greenwald, A. G. (1978). Cognitive responses to persuasion as mediators of opinion

change. Journal of Social Psychology, 104, 231-241.

Sherif, M., & Sherif, C. W. (1967). Attitudes as the individual’s own categories: The social judgmentinvolvement approach to attitude and attitude change. In C. W. Sherif & M. Sherif (Eds.),

Attitude, ego-involvement, and change (pp. 105-158). New York, NY: Wiley.

Week 10:

Topic 1 (Aronson’s Self-Consistency Model of Dissonance Versus the World):

Harmon-Jones, E., & Mills, J. (2019). An introduction to cognitive dissonance theory and an

overview of current perspectives on the theory. In E. Harmon-Jones & J. Mills (Eds.),

Cognitive dissonance: Reexamining a pivotal theory in social psychology (2nd Edition, pp.

3-24). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.

Aronson, E. (1992). The return of the repressed: Dissonance theory makes a comeback. Psychological

Inquiry, 3, 303-311.

Brehm, J. W. (1992). An unidentified theoretical object. Psychological Inquiry, 3, 314-315.

Cooper, J. (1992). Dissonance and the return of the self-concept. Psychological Inquiry, 3, 320-323.

Greeenwald, A. G. (1992). Dissonance theory and self theory: Fifteen more years. Psychological

Inquiry, 3, 329-331.

Jussim, L. (1992). Dissonance: A second coming? Psychological Inquiry, 3, 332-333.

Kunda, Z. (1992). Can dissonance theory do it all? Psychological Inquiry, 3, 337-339.

Lord, C. G. (1992). Was cognitive dissonance theory a mistake? Psychological Inquiry, 3, 339-342.

Schlenker, B. R. (1992). Of shape shifters and theories. Psychological Inquiry, 3, 342-344.

Aronson, E. (1992). Totally provocative and perhaps partly right. Psychological Inquiry, 3, 353-356.

Aronson, E. (2019). Dissonance, hypocrisy, and the self-concept. In E. Harmon-Jones (Ed.),

141-157). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.

Topic 2 (The Self-Standards Model of Cognitive Dissonance):

Aronson, J., Cohen, G., & Nail, P. R. (2019). Self-affirmation theory: An update and appraisal.

In E. Harmon-Jones (Ed.), Cognitive dissonance: Reexamining a pivotal theory in social

psychology (2nd Edition, pp. 159-174). Washington, DC: American Psychological

Association.

Stone, J. , & Cooper, J. (2001). A self-standards model of cognitive dissonance. Journal of

Experimental Social Psychology, 37, 228-243.

Stone, J. , & Cooper, J. (2003). The effect of self-attribute relevance on how self-esteem

moderates attitude change in dissonance processes. Journal of Experimental Social

Psychology, 39, 508-515.

Cooper, J. (2019). In search of the motivation for dissonance reduction: The drive to lessen

aversive consequences. In E. Harmon-Jones (Ed.), Cognitive dissonance: Reexamining a

pivotal theory in social psychology (2nd Edition, pp. 175-193). Washington, DC:

American Psychological Association.

Week 12:

Topic 1 (Noncognitive Attitude Formation and Change):

Fishbein, M., & Middlestadt, S. (1995). Noncognitive effects on attitude formation and change: Fact or

artifact. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 4, 181-202.

Haugtvedt, C. P. (1997). Beyond fact or artifact: An assessment of Fishbein and Middlestadt’s

perspectives on attitude change processes. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 6, 99-106.

Miniard, P. W., & Barone, M J. (1997). The case for noncognitive determinants of attitude: A critique of

Fishbein and Middlestadt. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 6, 77-91.

Priester, J. R., & Fleming, M. A. (1997). Artifact or meaningful theoretical constructs?: Examining

evidence for nonbelief- and belief-based attitude change processes. Journal of Consumer

Psychology, 6, 67-76.

Schwarz, N. (1997). Moods and attitude judgments: A comment on Fishbein and Middlestadt. Journal of

Consumer Psychology, 6, 93-98.

Fishbein, M., & Middlestadt, S. (1997). A striking lack of evidence for nonbelief-based attitude

formation and change: A response to five commentaries. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 6,

107-115.

Topic 2 (The ELM versus The Unimodel):

Petty, R. E., & Wegener, D. T. (1999). The Elaboration Likelihood Model: Current status and

controversies. In S. Chaiken & Y. Trope (Eds.), Dual process theories in social

psychology (pp. 41-72). New York: Guilford Press.

Petty, R. E., & Brinol, P. (2014). The Elaboration Likelihood and Metacognitive Models of

Attitudes: Implications for Prejudice, the Self, and Beyond. In J. W. Sherman, B.

Gawronski, & Y. Trope (Eds.), Dual-process theories of the social mind (pp. 172-187).

New York, NY: Guilford Press.

Petty, R. E., & Cacioppo, J. T. (1984). The effects of involvement on response to argument

quantity and quality: Central and peripheral routes to persuasion. Journal of Personality

and Social Psychology, 46, 69-81.

Petty, R. E., Schumann, D. W., Richman, S. A., & Strathman, A. J. (1993). Positive mood and

persuasion: Different roles for affect under high- and low-elaboration conditions. Journal

of Personality and Social Psychology, 64, 5-20.

Tormala, Z. L., Brinol, P., & Petty, R. E. (2007). Multiple roles for source credibility under high

elaboration: Its all in the timing. Social Cognition, 25, 536-552.

Kruglanski, A. W., & Thompson, E. P. (1999). Persuasion by a single route: A view from the unimodel.

Psychological Inquiry, 10, 83-109.

Petty, R. E., Wheeler, S. C., & Bizer, G. Y. (1999). Is there one persuasion process or more? Lumping

versus splitting in attitude change theories. Psychological Inquiry, 10, 156-162.

Wegener, D. T., & Claypool, H. M. (1999). The elaboration continuum by any other name does not smell

as sweet. Psychological Inquiry, 10, 176-181.

Kruglanski, A. W., & Thompson, E. P. (1999). The illusory second mode or, the cue is the message.

Psychological Inquiry, 10, 182-193.

Required: Petty, R. E., & Cacioppo, J. T. (1996). Attitudes and persuasion: Classic and contemporary approaches. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.

Listed material: 6 Supplementary Readings Week 4: Topic 1 (Evaluating the MODE Theory of Attitude-Behaviour Consistency): Fazio, R. H. (1990). Multiple processes by which attitudes guide behavior: The MODE model as an integrative framework. In L. Berkowitz (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology (Vol. 23, pp. 75-109). San Diego, CA: Academic Press. Fazio, R. H., & Towles-Schwen, T. (1999). The MODE model of attitude-behavior processes. In S. Chaiken & Y. Trope (Eds.), Dual -process theories in social psychology (pp. 97-116). New York, NY: Guilford. Ajzen, I., & Fishbein, M. (2005). The influence of attitudes on behavior. In D. Albarricín, B. T. Johnson, & M. P. Zanna, The handbook of attitudes (pp. 173-221). New York, NY: Erlbaum. Neal, D. T., Wood, W., Wu, M., & Kurlander, D. (2011). The Pull of the past: When do habits persist despite conflict with motives? Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 37, 1428-1437. Fabrigar, L. R., Wegener, D. T., & MacDonald, T. K. (2010). Distinguishing between prediction and influence: Multiple processes underlying attitude-behavior consistency. In C. R. Agnew, D. E. Carlston, W. G. Graziano, & J. R. Kelly (Eds.), Then a miracle occurs: Focusing on behavior in social psychological theory and research (pp. 162-185). New York, NY: Oxford University Press. Topic 2 (Meta-attitudinal versus Operative Measures of Attitude Attributes): Bassili, J. N. (1996). Meta-judgmental versus operative indexes of psychological attributes: The case of measures of attitude strength. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 71, 637-653. Haddock, G., Rothman, A. J., Reber, R., & Schwarz, N. (1999). Forming judgments of attitude certainty, intensity, and importance: The role of subjective experiences [See source for the remaining reading list.]

Listed material: 7 See, Y. H. M., Petty, R. E., & Fabrigar, L. R. (2008). Affective and cognitive meta-bases of attitudes: Unique effects on information interest and persuasion. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 94, 938-955. Weeks 7/8: Topic 1 (Do Implicit Attitudes Exist and If So What Are They?): Petty, R. E., Fazio, R. H., & Brinol, P. (2009). The new implicit measures: An overview. In R. E. Petty, R. H. Fazio, & P. Brinol (Eds.), Attitudes: Insights from the new implicit measures (pp. 3-18). New York, NY: Psychology Press. Greenwald, A. G., & Banaji, M. R. (1995). Implicit social cognition: Attitudes, self-esteem, and stereotypes. Psychological Review, 102, 4-27. Wilson, T. D., Lindsey, S., & Schooler, T. Y. (2000). A model of dual attitudes. Psychological Review, 107, 101-126. Greenwald, A. G., & Nosek, B. A. (2009). Attitudinal dissociation: What does it mean? In R. E. Petty, R. H. Fazio, & P. Brinol (Eds.), Attitudes: Insights from the new implicit measures (pp. 85-117). New York, NY: Psychology Press. Olson, M. A., & Fazio, R. H. (2009). Implicit and explicit measures of attitudes: The perspective of the MODE model. In R. E. Petty, R. H. Fazio, & P. Brinol (Eds.), Attitudes: Insights from the new implicit measures (pp. 19-63). New York, NY: Psychology Press. Petty, R. E., Briñol, P., & DeMarree, K. G. (2007). The meta-cognitive model (MCM) of attitudes: Implications for attitude measurement, change, and strength. Social Cognition, 25, 657-686. Topic 2 (Evaluating the Message Learning Theory) McGuire, W. J. (1968). Personality and attitude change: An information-processing theory. In A. G. Greenwood, T. C. Brock, & T. M. Ostrom (Eds.), Psychological foundations of attitudes (pp. 171-196). New York: Academic Press. McGuire, W. J. (1972) [See source for the remaining reading list.]

Listed material: 8 Sherif, M., & Sherif, C. W. (1967). Attitudes as the individual’s own categories: The social judgment- involvement approach to attitude and attitude change. In C. W. Sherif & M. Sherif (Eds.), Attitude, ego-involvement, and change (pp. 105-158). New York, NY: Wiley. Week 10: Topic 1 (Aronson’s Self-Consistency Model of Dissonance Versus the World): Harmon-Jones, E., & Mills, J. (2019). An introduction to cognitive dissonance theory and an

Supplementary: Week 4: Topic 1 (Evaluating the MODE Theory of Attitude-Behaviour Consistency): Fazio, R. H. (1990). Multiple processes by which attitudes guide behavior: The MODE model as an integrative framework. In L. Berkowitz (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology (Vol. 23, pp. 75-109). San Diego, CA: Academic Press. Fazio, R. H., & Towles-Schwen, T. (1999). The MODE model of attitude-behavior processes. In S. Chaiken & Y. Trope (Eds.), Dual -process theories in social psychology (pp. 97-116). New York, NY: Guilford. Ajzen, I., & Fishbein, M. (2005). The influence of attitudes on behavior. In D. Albarricín, B. T. Johnson, & M. P. Zanna, The handbook of attitudes (pp. 173-221). New York, NY: Erlbaum. Neal, D. T., Wood, W., Wu, M., & Kurlander, D. (2011). The Pull of the past: When do habits persist despite conflict with motives? Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 37, 1428-1437. Fabrigar, L. R., Wegener, D. T., & MacDonald, T. K. (2010). Distinguishing between prediction and influence: Multiple processes underlying attitude-behavior consistency. In C. R. Agnew, D. E. Carlston, W. G. Graziano, & J. R. Kelly (Eds.), Then a miracle occurs: Focusing on behavior in social psychological theory and research (pp. 162-185). New York, NY: Oxford University Press. Topic 2 (Meta-attitudinal versus Operative Measures of Attitude Attributes): Bassili, J. N. (1996). Meta-judgmental versus operative indexes of psychological attributes: The case of measures of attitude strength. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 71, 637-653. Haddock, G., Rothman, A. J., Reber, R., & Schwarz, N. (1999). Forming judgments of attitude certainty, intensity, and importance: The role of subjective experiences. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 25, 771-782. Boninger, D [See source for the remaining reading list.]