Shi'ism Before and After the Iranian Revolution

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An examination of a century of evolution of Iranian Shi'ism. Readings include: Early 20th century secular Iranian thinkers who formulated a new discourse on rationalist Shi'ism; the mid-twentieth-century lay writers and religious thinkers moved to a more militant discourse of Islamism; and a generation of clerics and theologians who have articulated a more tolerant and hermeneutic interpretation of Shi'ism in the last two decades in an attempt to reconcile Shi'i doctrines with social and economic modernities.