Levels of Analysis: Thinking Theoretically

1 unit

A theory is a set of propositions and concepts that combine to explain phenomena by specifying the relationships among the propositions. Theory's ultimate goal is to predict phenomena. Good theory can explain events across space and time (e.g., it works just as well in Iran as in Columbia; and just as well today as in the Peloponnesian War). Theories provide a framework through which to understand everyday events in international relations, and to answer the basic foundational questions in the field-how can human nature be characterized? What's the relationship between the individual and society? What are the characteristics and role of the state? How's the international system organized? Theories abound in international relations: classical realism, structural realism, liberalism, constructivism, Critical Theory, Feminism, English School, post-structuralism, post-modernism, to name some of the more prominent ones. These different theoretical approaches help us see international relations from different viewpoints. No single approach can capture all the complexity of contemporary world politics. The list of possible explanations a theory provides can be usefully organized according to three levels of analysis-individual, state, international. Dividing the analysis of international politics into levels helps orient our questions and suggests the appropriate type of evidence to explore. Each level privileges certain variables, while abstracting others. This workshop explores the value of thinking theoretically in international relations; highlights what we gain (and lose) with theory; and analyzes the utility of each level of analysis for what it illuminates (and what it neglects). The written assignment will involve applying the three levels of analysis to a contemporary event.